试论俄国的新教运动

在俄国现代化过程中也出现过新教运动。大约从叶卡捷琳娜大帝时期起,由信奉新教的德国移民把新教传播到俄国南部。1861年废除农奴制以后新教运动得到快速发展,并开始从社会底层向社会上层扩展。这使得沙皇政权和东正教会大为恐慌,因为它与东正教旧礼派一样对沙皇政权和东正教会的统治造成了威胁。对于沙皇政权来讲,精神的力量是其政治体系中重要的组成部分,而沙皇政权利用东正教会加强对整个国家的控制。在亚历山大二世执政时期,沙皇政权开始对新教徒采取镇压政策。到亚历山大三世统治时期,在东正教会与沙皇政权的联合绞杀下,俄国的新教运动失败。这使得新教运动在俄国社会锻造一个像西欧一样的中产阶级的努力付诸东流。

A Study on the Protestant Movement in Russia

During the modernization of Russia,the Protestant movement also emerged.From the period of Catherine the great,the Protestant German immigrants spread protestant to southern Russia.After the abolition of the serfdom in1861,the Protestant movement rapidly developed.Meanwhile,it started from the bottom to top in the society.This made the czarist and the orthodox church more panic.Because the power of the spirit was an important part of the czarist regime’s political system.In the region of Alexander II,the czarist government began to take a policy of repression.To the region of Alexander III,both the czarist government and the orthodox church took measures to put down protestant.Under the joint strangling,Russia’s Protestant movement failed.This made the Protestant movement which tried to forge a middle-class in Russia society like Western Europe in vain.