论美国的“穷尽行政救济原则”

穷尽行政救济原则是美国《联邦行政程序法》的一项重要原则,它与行政行为成熟原则、行政行为完成原则共同构成了美国行政诉讼受案时间的立体化标准。1993年达比诉西斯内罗斯案在穷尽行政救济原则的发展进程中具有重要的变革意义,该案以《联邦行政程序法》第704条后半部分的规定为基础,确立了穷尽行政救济要求的新规则。穷尽行政救济原则的演进过程,本质上是穷尽问题和例外情形两条主线相互交叉、共同发展的过程。坚持穷尽行政救济原则对于有效解决行政争议、保障行政机关的自治权、进而提高司法效率具有积极的推动作用。

On Principle of Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies in the U.S.A.

Being as an important principle of the Federal Administration Procedural Law,the principle of exhaustion of administrative remedies,combining with the other two principles of administrative act ripeness and completion,constitutes the three-dimensional standard of American administrative litigation acceptation.Moreover,the case Darby v.Cisneros in 1993 even played a revolutionary role in the development process of this principle,which established the new rules of its application requirement based on the latter part of section 704 of the Federal Administrative Procedure Law.In essence,the evolution progress of exhaustion of administrative remedies principle is the interplay of issues exhaustion and exceptions to the doctrine.And sticking to this principle is of much positive promotion to effective administrative disputes resolution,administrative autonomy guarantee and judicial efficiency enhancement.