俄罗斯的生态鉴定制度评析及启示

生态鉴定,是俄联邦用以防止经济活动和其他活动潜在的生态危险,保护人和自然环境免遭这些生态危险不良影响的一项最重要的环境管理措施。俄联邦从鉴定主体、鉴定对象的范围、鉴定程序及鉴定结论的效力和作用等方面对生态鉴定的制度安排颇具特色,有着许多成功的经验,也存在一些明显的漏洞。其变化和改革,与中国环境影响评价有许多共同之处,故而值得我们研究和借鉴,对我国完善环保制度、措施,如提升政府环保机关的地位、加快法律的生态化进程、注重非政府社团尤其是环保社团的作用、健全和完善公众参与机制等,都具有重要的启示意义和价值。

Analysis and Enlightenment of Ecological Appraisal System in Russia

Ecological appraisal system is one of the most important methods of environmental management.It is used to prevent the potential ecological dangers of economy and the others,and protect human beings and natural environment from the bad effect of ecological dangers.Ecological appraisal system has characters including appraisal subject and object,appraisal procedure and validity and effect of appraisal conclusion in Russia.Besides successful experiences,it also has some obvious leaks.The changes and reforms of ecological appraisal system in Russia and environmental impact evaluation system in China have a lot in common,so we need study and learn from ecological appraisal system.In fact,it has the important enlightenments and values for the improvement of our environmental protection system and method,for example,we should advance the position of environmental protection organs,promote ecological law,pay attention to non-governmental organizations especially organizations on environmental protection and perfect public participating mechanism.