19-20世纪初俄国主要社会等级收入状况解析

19-20世纪初俄国实行等级制度,收入存在等级差异.官吏、僧侣以及自由职业者不同等级间收入差距明显,且同一等级内部收入也有分层.官吏的收入有薪金和各类补贴等,加起来相当可观.僧侣的收入来源包括土地、政府拨款、信徒缴税、主持圣礼等,收入也属上游；与前两个特权等级相比,自由职业者包括教师、医生和画家等,是社会的下层,总体收入较低.但高薪官吏只是极少数,大部分官吏不过是官僚集团可怜的雇佣;也并不是所有的自由职业者都低薪,部分医生、教师属于国家公职人员,是官僚集团的一分子,收入丰厚.

Russian Social Hierarchy Income Status Analysis during the 19th and the 20th Century

Russian practiced hierarchy system between the 19th and the 20th century, the income level differences. Officials, monks and freelancers had obvious income gap because of different levels and different layers in the same class. Officials＇income had salary and all kinds of subsidies, which add up to a considerable number. Monks income source mainly include disciples, government grants, believers＂ tax, host sacrament, income also belong to the upstream. Compared with the former two ranks, fredancer, including teachers, doctors, artists, etc., is the lower level of society, the overall income is low. But high officials are very few, most of the officers are bureaucrats＂ poor employment, and not all freelancers are low wages. Some doctors and teachers are owned by the state public servants, who are a member of the bureaucratic group and lucrative.