论德国行政诉讼中司法权的边界

德国行政诉讼中法院的受案范围几乎不受限制。行政法院对行政案件有完全的管辖权,可以主动、全面、深入地审查事实问题与法律问题,一般无须尊重行政机关在事实判断方面的专业知识与经验。不过,自上个世纪70年代以来,由于行政判断余地等理论的发展,行政法院对行政主体进行强势监督与制约的格局有所松动。另外,行政法院在判决与执行中恪守权力分立原则。德国行政诉讼中这一权力边界格局的形成,是与其宪政体制、法院分工、法定法官原则、二战后对公民权利的重视以及发达的公法理论等紧密相关的。

On the Boundary of the Judicial Power in Administrative Litigation in Germany

The scope of accepting cases of administrative courts in Germany is almost unlimited.Administrative courts have full juris- diction of administrative cases.They can take initiative ,comprehensive ,in-depth reviews to factual matters and legal matters,and gen- erally do not have to respect the expertise and experience of administrative organizations in factual judgment.It must be pointed out, since the 70s of the last century,due to the development of administrative theories such as the administrative judgment-margin the- ory,that the pattern of administrative organizations strongly supervised and restricted by administrative courts has subtle change.In addition, administrative courts abide by the principle of separation of powers in the sentence and execution of administrative cases. There are many reasons resulting into this power＇s boundary pattern in German administrative litigation. For example,the constitu- tionalism system,the professional division between the courts,the principle of statutory judges,the emphasis on civil rights after the World War I] ,as well as well-developed public law theories.