《合同法》第113条第1款(违约损害的赔偿范围)评注

《合同法》第113条第1款确立了违约损害金钱赔偿责任的完全赔偿原则和可预见性限制规则,也适用于多种非违约型的义务违反情形。涉及履行利益和非履行利益的损害,都可能表现为实际损失或可得利益。以信赖利益范围为准的违约损害赔偿,填补的仍是履行利益损害。实际损失和可得利益在事实因果关系认定方面各有特点。可预见性规则的时点标准存在细化的可能。可预见性的判断因交易情境的差异而有不同。

Comments on Article 113 Paragraph 1 of the Contract Law( The Scope of Damages for Breach of Contract)

Article 113 Paragraph 1 of the Contract Law( 1999) has established the principle of full compensation and the limit of foreseeability about monetary damages for breach of contract,and also applies to a variety of damages for breach of non-contractual obligation. Damages involving expectation interest or other interest may be manifested as either actual losses or loss of profit. The compensation for breach of contract,which is subject to the scope of reliance interest,is essentially damages for expectation interest of the breached contract. Actual loss and loss of profit each have their own characteristics in determining the actual causation.The relevant point in time of the limitation of foreseeability should be more concretized. The degree of foreseeability varies depending on the trading situation. In-depth review on the judicial practice about Article113 Paragraph 1 of the Contract Law contributes to clarify misunderstandings,refines insights and promotes the systematic integration of norms,academics,and judicial practice.