从传统合同到智能合同:由事后法院裁判到事前自动履行的转变

传统合同需要当事人履行具体义务以促使合同目的的实现,且允许各方在现实环境发生变化时加入新的合意或对原合同条款进行修改,产生纠纷后也可以依据法院的裁判机制使权利义务关系趋于平衡。但是,区块链技术的兴起使智能合同能够自动履行当事人约定的各项内容,对纠纷的解决也可以按照合同订立时确定的救济方式自动进行,甚至无需法院的裁判支持。从传统合同到智能合同,最显著的变革在于由事后法院裁判到事前自动履行的转变。技术的进步使法院裁判机制作为权利保障后盾的重要地位受到冲击,智能合同的事前自动履行具有高效率、低成本的优势,为商业世界的交易活动提供新的可能,具有极大的发展潜力。

From the Traditional Contract to the Smart Contract:The Transformation from Ex Post Court Judgment to Ex Ante Automatic Performance

The traditional contract requires the parties to perform specific obligations,in order to promote the realization of the contract’s purpose,and allows the parties to add new agreement or modify the original terms when the actual environment changed. After the dispute,the relationship of rights and obligations can be balanced according to the judgment mechanism of the court. However,the rise of blockchain technology enables smart contracts to automatically perform all contents which agreed by the parties,and disputes can also be handled automatically in accordance with the remedies that determined at the time of signing the contract,even without the support of the court judgment. From the traditional contract to the smart contract,the most significant change is the transformation from the ex post court judgment to the ex ante automatic performance. The advance of technology has impacted the important position of the court system as the backing of rights protection. The ex ante automatic performance of smart contract has the advantages of high efficiency and low cost,which provides new possibilities for the performance of contracts in the commercial world and has great development potential.