无权处分辨——合同法第51条规定的解释与适用

按照民法解释学 ,我国合同法第 51条规定的是买卖等合同的效力待定-而非物权行为的效力待定。买卖等合同可以含有引发物权变动的效果意思。处分权宜作处分能力的解释 ,并影响买卖等合同的效力 ,其适用范围不限于特定物的买卖等。主张无权处分不影响合同效力的四大理由并不充分 ,均存疑问。民法总则关于法律行为的标的须可能、确定、合法的要求并未将债权行为排除在外。第 51条同第 52条、第 54条的衔接平滑 ,与第 1 50条的关系可以按特别法优先于普通法的规则协调。善意取得为原始取得 ,其成立不以无权处分的合同有效为前提 ,限于有偿合同场合为宜。善意取得确系受让人取得标的物所有权的“合法根据” ,在受让人尚未支付相应价款的情况下 ,不当得利可以存在于标的物的变形物上。

On Ex Right Disposition

According to the hermeneutics of civil law, what article 51 of the Chinese Contract Law provides is the uncertainty of the legal effect of contract of sale, rather than the uncertainty of the legal effect of non-juristic act of right in rem. A contract of sale can contain intention that may result in the change of real right. The right of disposal should be interpreted as the capability of disposal.It may affect the effect of the contract of sale and its scope of application is not necessarily limited to the sale of specific goods. The four reasons put forward in support of ex right disposition are insufficient and questionable. Article 51 of the Contract dovetails very well with articles 52 and 54 and its relation with article 150 may be coordinated according to the principle of "special law derogates general law".