盗窃罪中财产性利益占有的规范化解释进路

偷换二维码案的认定涉及诸多理论争议。通过对此类案件的构成要件定型分析可以发现,在涉事主体方面,行为人、商户、顾客三方关系是此类案件涉事主体的合理确定。无论是对于诈骗罪还是盗窃罪的行为定型方面,均存在难以解释的问题。特别是认为此类案件构成诈骗罪和新型三角诈骗的主张,在逻辑链条上无法有力地阐明其扩张解释的理由。对此,合理的解释路径是个别、例外地承认在此类涉及侵权行为以及民事请求权消灭的场合下,财产性利益的规范性占有的可能。这种规范化的理解虽然扩张了事实性的占有概念,但具有整体法秩序上的理由,并且符合刑法作为规范学的学科定位。与此同时,通过义务分配的功能性分析,也可以有效地区分不同情况,对于相关案件中的行为作出妥当的、符合罪刑法定原则要求以及司法实践需求的评价。

On the Pattern Determination of the Constituent Elements of QR Code Cases——The Approach of Normative Interpretation of the Possession of Property Interests in the Crime of Theft

There are many theoretic disputes over the conviction of secretly changing the QR code.Through the pattern-determining analysis of the constituent elements of the case,it can be found that in terms of the subject involved,the tripartite relationship is a reasonable answer.However,in terms of the pattern determination of the conduct,there are issues that are difficult to explain whether the perpetrator is convicted of fraud or theft.Especially,the argument that the perpetrator should be convicted of fraud and a new pattern of triangular fraud fails to expound a satisfactory reason for the expanded interpretation in the logic chain.Under such conditions,the reasonable interpretation approach is to rarely and exceptionally recognize the possibility of normative possession of property rights in the context involving tort and the termination of civil claims.Although this normative understanding expands the concept of factual possession,it is justifiable from the perspective of the overall legal order and conforms to the discipline orientation of the criminal law as a normative science.At the same time,through the functional analysis of the obligation allocation,it is also possible to effectively make a distinction among different situations,and thus make proper evaluation of the conducts in the relevant cases which meet the requirements of the principle of legality and the needs of judicial practice.