宪法与民法典关系的四个理论问题

从宪法角度和法律三元分类角度看,民法典将基本民事主体表述为"公民"比表述为"自然人"更合适。各国宪法差异决定中国民法典表述基本民事主体不能复制德国民法典的规定。就性质而言,民事主体内部关系的内容是权利与权利,应避免使用"权力"之类术语来定义其内部组织或描述其功能。在数字化时代,民法典应着力保障在数字化背景下备受威胁的个人隐私权,促进民事主体实质性享有平等的发展权利,但不宜承担公法功能。

Four Theoretical Issues on the Relationship between the Constitution and the Civil Code

From the perspective of the Constitution and the ternary classification of laws,it is more appropriate to describe the basic civil subject as"citizens"than as"natural persons"in the Civil Code.The constitutional differences determine that the basic civil subject stated in the Civil Code of China cannot be exactly the same as that in the provisions of the Civil Code of Germany.In terms of nature,the content of the relationship between an organization’s internal organs is right vs.right,so it should be avoided to use terms such as"power"to define its internal organs or describe its functions.In the digital era,the Civil Code should focus on protecting the threatened personal right to privacy in the digital context,and promoting the civil subjects’substantive enjoyment of equal right to development,but it is not appropriate for the Civil Code to perform functions of a public law.