环境法认识论上的四个“风向标”

法学界尤其是环境法学界在对环境法的基本目标、逻辑基础、基本定位、价值追求这四个方面的认识问题上存在着较大的分歧.即:环境法是以生态环境保护为目标的法,还是以经济发展为目标的法?是以权力为逻辑基点构建的法,还是以权利为逻辑基点构建的法?是只以当代人的利益为本位的法,还是也包括以未来世代人的利益为本位的法?是以人类利益中心主义为核心价值观的法,还是以生态利益整体主义为核心价值观的法,还是以相对人类利益中心主义兼顾生态整体利益为核心价值观的法?尽管目前世界环境保护活动带有社会实验的性质,但这四个认识上的分歧在相当程度上影响着环境法的未来发展方向或路径,因而成为影响或决定环境法未来发展方向或路径的四个“风向标”.就这四个“风向标”而言,环境法应该是以生态环境保护为基本目标的法、以公民环境权为逻辑基点构建起来的法、以当代与未来世代人的利益为本位的法以及以相对人类利益中心主义兼顾生态整体利益为核心价值观的法.

The Four “ Wind Vane” of the Cognitive Theories on Environmental Law

In the law science community especially in the field of environmental law,there are large differences on the basic goal,logical basis,basic orientation and value pursuit.Namely: Whether the environmental law aims at ecological environmental protection or economic development,whether the environmental law is constructed on the basis of power or right.Does it place the interest of the current generation firstly or future generations firstly,or does it place the doctrine of human interest centre or doctrine of ecological centre,or take account of the both.Although the current nature of the environmental protection activities is social experiment in the world,the four ideas are considered as the important influence on the direction for the development of environmental law,thus it becomes the "wind vane" to affect the direction of the development of environmental law.Among the four "wind vane",the environmental law should be based on ecological and environmental protection for the basic objectives of the law,take the citizen’s environmental right as a logical basis,for the interests of contemporary and future generations and place both the doctrine of human interest centre and doctrine of ecological centre as our core value.