论法律政策在侵权法因果关系判断中的作用——以英美侵权法之最近原因的分析为中心

法律政策在侵权法上因果关系判断中起到怎样的作用?在英美法系对因果关系考察的二分法下,最近原因考察与法律政策考量密切相关.最近原因的判断标准中渗透着政策考量的因素,具体而言,行政管理、价值层级、环境、责任保险等政策因素影响着最近原因的判断,尤其体现在与有过错、救助等特殊类型案件中.法律政策在因果关系判断中的作用,深层次上反映了对侵权法上因果关系本质的不同看法.

The Effect of Legal Policy on the Inquiry of Causation

Under the bifurcated approach,the inquiry of causation is divided into two stages,:factual causation and legal causation.Both of them are relevant to some legal policies.Furthermore,the legal causation or proximate causation is mainly decided by the consideration of legal policies.The administrative factor,superior value factor,environmental factor and liability insurance factor are among the concrete legal policies which influence the causation decisions.The contributory negligence cases,rescue cases and cases in which the victim has some predispositions are typical cases in which the causation decisions are made by consideration of comparative legal policies.