论“套路贷”犯罪的刑事规制及其完善

“套路贷”犯罪是以非法占有为目的,假借民间借贷之名、行非法侵占他人财物之实的新型犯罪,具有犯罪意图的侵财性、犯罪手段的隐蔽性、犯罪团伙的组织性和犯罪后果的严重性等特征。我国对“套路贷”犯罪的立法规制,总体上契合惩处“套路贷”犯罪的情势与实际需要,但也存在一些问题。当前,对“套路贷”犯罪的司法规制呈现民多刑少的格局,规制的主要罪名是诈骗罪、敲诈勒索罪,规制的核心标准是划清“套路贷”犯罪与高利贷、非法讨债行为的界限。改进“套路贷”犯罪的刑事规制,应确立“重重轻轻,以重为主”的刑事政策,在《刑法》中增设套路贷诈骗罪,健全“套路贷”案件的刑民衔接机制,探索“套路贷”犯罪案件专业化办理机制,积极推行“套路贷”犯罪案例指导制度。

On the Criminal Regulation of the Crime of “Routing Loan” and Its Perfection

The Crime of“routine loan”is a new type of crime which aims at illegal possession and illegally encroachment on others’property in the name of private lending.This kind of crime is characterized by the property invasion of criminal intention,the concealment of criminal means,the organization of criminal gangs and the seriousness of criminal consequences.China’s legislation on the Crime of“routing loan”has generally complied with the situation and actual needs of punishing“routing loan”crimes,but there are also some problems.At present,the Crime of“routing loan”case shows an“explosive”growth trend,and its judicial regulation shows a pattern of more civil trials than criminal trials.The main crime of judicial regulation is fraud and extortion.The core standard of regulation is to draw a clear line between the Crime of“routine loan”and usury and illegal debt collection.To improve the criminal regulation of the Crime of“routing loan”,we should establish a criminal policy of“heavy and light,heavy as the main body”,add the crime of routine loan fraud in the criminal law,perfect the mechanism of criminal connection in routine loan cases,explore the specialized handling mechanism of routine loan criminal cases,and actively implement the guidance system of routine loan criminal cases.