证据法的基本权利保障取向

证据法的理性主义传统,既要求通过理性证明的方式去查明事实真相,而非诉诸神明和暴力;又不以追求真相为最高目的,而是将其视为实现正义的手段。这种理性传统,决定了法治国家证据制度具有求真、求善的双重功能,并将公正奉为首要价值,从而奠定了基本权利保障的价值取向。我国证据法学研究和证据制度建设正在经历从义务本位向权利本位转型,权利意识逐步觉醒。在这个转型过程中,应该将人权司法保障奉为证据法公正价值的核心内容,在贯彻无罪推定、不得自证其罪原则的前提下,确保刑事被告质证权的行使,发挥非法证据排除规则、作证特免权规则对刑事被告基本权利的保障作用。

The Orientation of the Fundamental Rights Safeguard of Evidence Law

Tradition of Evidence Law has called for the adoption of rational proof to find out the truth,rather than resorting to the gods and violence,and not to regard truth-seeking as the highest purpose,it is considered a means of achieving justice.It determines the evidence law has the dual function of seeking truthseeking good,and the fairness is considered as the first value of evidence system so that laid the orientation of fundamental rights safeguard of evidence Law.The evidence law in our country is going through a transition from the duty-oriented to the right-oriented,rights consciousness is gradually awakening.During this progress,it should regard the judicial guarantee of human rights as a core content of fair value of evidence law.In implementing the principles of presumption of innocence and against self-incrimination,fundamental rights of cross-examination and confrontation should be as a priority the protection of criminal defendants,and give full play the role to the exclusionary rule of illegally obtained evidence in the protection of the criminal defendant’s fundamental rights,meanwhile,lawyer-client privilege,marital privilege and parent-child privilege for the purpose of the accused’s fundamental rights guaranteed.