非正规的“正规化”:劳动力市场分割与家政服务企业——基于2019年四个城市的家政工人调查

在非正规就业盛行的家政市场,家政服务企业的重要性日益凸显,亟待考察这些劳动力市场中介机构的就业效果。通过分析2019年四个城市的家政工人调查数据,发现家政服务企业的发展可能会影响家政业内不同工种的收入差距,改变非正规就业市场的原有结构。伴随管理者企业的介入,家务员收入大幅提升,母婴护理员和家庭保洁员的收入则出现下降。家政企业对工人收入的改善和工作正规化的促进作用是有限的。本文不仅呈现了家政就业市场内部的异质性,为家政工作的正规化讨论提供中国经验数据,还指出劳动力市场中介机构在以女性为主的非正规就业市场上的特殊性,具有一定政策意义。

“Formalizing” the Informal,Labor Market Segmentation and Domestic Service Enterprises: Based on 2019 Survey among Domestic Workers in Four Cities

Domestic service enterprises have become increasingly important in the face of informal employment still dominating the domestic service sector.There is an urgent need for empirical studies to clearly see employment outcomes of these labor market intermediaries.By analyzing the data of a survey among domestic workers in four cities in 2019,this article finds that the development of domestic service enterprises may affect the income gaps among different type of work, and then change the original structure of informal employment market.With the involvement of domestic services enterprises in managing domestic workers, housekeepers have seen their wages significantly increased, while the earnings of maternal care workers and household cleaners declined.Domestic service enterprises have a limited role in improving domestic workers’ income and promoting employment formalization.This article presents the heterogeneity in domestic employment market, providing Chinese empirical data for the discussion on domestic work formalization.Moreover, it points out the particularity of labor market intermediaries in female-dominated informal employment market, which has certain policy implications.