论米德对文化人类学的贡献

米德是美国著名的女性人类学家之一,她与本尼迪克特一起创立了美国的文化心理学学派。她的主要研究贡献有三个方面:一是通过搜集大量不同文化背景下儿童生理及心理发展的资料,研究文化和教育对儿童成年后人格形成的影响;二是用大量民族志资料来证实文化决定论,并提出了文化在儿童人格塑造方面具有不可替代的作用;三是将影视方法首次用于田野调查,丰富和发展了文化人类学的研究方法。

Margaret Mead's Contribution to Cultural Anthropology

Margaret Mead,one of the most well-known women anthropologists in USA, established with Benedict the School of Cultural Psychology. Her contribution covers three aspects as follows: 1. Through a collection of many data concerning the physiological and psychological development of the children with different cultural backgrounds, she studied the cultural and educationalinfluence of childhood on the personality of the adult; 2. She used many ethnological data to prove cultural determinism and pointed out the irreplaceable influence of culture on the formation of the personality of children; 3. She was the first to use the film and television technology in her fieldwork, which has enriched the research methods of cultural anthropology.