俄罗斯实用主义气候政策探析

气候变化议题在今天的全球治理中居于核心地位。俄罗斯的气候政策对于全球气候变化合作的开展有着非常重要的影响。"气候实用主义"是当前俄罗斯气候政策选择的核心。本文分析了近年来俄罗斯"气候实用主义"的内涵特征、政策特点、选择动因以及造成的影响。本文指出价值观、经济发展模式以及国际体系中的地位是决定俄罗斯实用主义气候政策选择的三个关键变量。这些变量通过观念、利益和身份的路径影响了俄罗斯气候政策的理念框架、国内偏好以及国际合作参与。对于气候变化起源的"怀疑论"、对碳氢能源企业的重点保护,通过气候政策对内增强治理合法性,吸引投资和技术以缓解美欧制裁是当前俄政府实用主义气候政策的突出特点。俄罗斯的这种气候政策为国际气候变化合作的加强提供了新动力,也为中俄区域合作开辟了新领域。但却难以弥合俄罗斯与美欧在气候变化问题上的根本分歧,也不会对俄罗斯依赖能源经济的发展模式造成实质影响。

An Analysis of Russia's Pragmatic Climate Policy

Climate change is the core issue of current global governance. Russia’s climate policy has extremely important impact on the development of global cooperation on climate change. "Climate pragmatism" is the core of Russia’s current climate policy choices. This paper analyzes the characteristics of Russian "climate pragmatism" in recent years,as well as the characteristics of Russia’s pragmatic climate policy,the motivation for its choice,and the impact it has had. It points out that values,economic development model and status in international system are the three key variables that determine the choice of Russian pragmatic climate policy. These variables affect the conceptual framework,domestic preferences,and international cooperation and participation of Russia’s climate policy through the pathways of perceptions,interests,and identities. The "skepticism" of the origin of climate change,the key protection of hydrocarbon energy companies,the strengthening of internal governance legitimacy through climate policy,and the attraction of investment and technology to relieve US and European sanctions are the outstanding features of the current pragmatic climate policy of the Russian government. Russia’s climate policy provides a new impetus for the strengthening of international cooperation on climate change and a new area for Sino-Russian regional cooperation. Nevertheless,it is difficult to bridge the fundamental differences between Russia and the US and Europe on climate change issues,and will not have a substantial impact on Russia’s energy-dependent economic development model.