大鼠脑挫伤后脑组织COX-1/COX-2的表达

目的　观察脑损伤后COX 1和COX 2蛋白表达及其时序性变化 ,探讨脑损伤的分子机制及法医学脑损伤时间推断。方法　以自由落体撞击雄性SD大鼠右顶叶制备脑挫伤模型 ,用免疫组织化学SP法处理脑组织检材 ,观察不同时间 ( 1、 3、 5、 7、 14d)脑组织COX 1/COX 2蛋白的表达情况。结果　正常及手术对照组大鼠 ,脑组织内有低水平的COX 1/COX 2表达 ;脑挫伤后 1～ 5d ,大鼠脑组织内COX 1表达逐渐增加 ,14d时仍维持在高表达水平 ;脑挫伤后 1～ 3d ,大鼠脑组织皮质内COX 2表达逐渐增加 ,1d时海马COX 2表达达高峰。结论　脑挫伤后可诱导COX 1/COX 2蛋白在脑内表达 ,并呈现出时序性变化。     

大鼠脑损伤后COX-2表达变化的时间规律性研究

目的探讨大鼠脑损伤后环氧合酶2(COX-2)在神经元、神经胶质细胞中表达变化的时间规律性。方法以冲击应力σd为355.09kPa致大鼠脑损伤后,于不同时间段分别应用原位杂交、免疫组化、免疫组化双染色技术检测COX-2mRNA和蛋白的表达强度,用图像分析系统测定阳性反应物平均灰度,进行统计学处理。结果正常对照组COX-2mRNA和蛋白弱表达,伤后15min开始表达呈增强趋势,分别于伤后1,2d,表达达到峰值,平均灰度值分别为126.38±1.36、124.77±3.20,与对照组、邻近上组比较均具有显著性差异(P<0.05),于伤后3,4d,表达达到另一峰值,平均灰度值分别为127.18±1.96、120.14±3.52,并维持高水平表达分别至伤后7,15d,平均灰度值分别为110.03±2.61、111.27±2.83,与对照组比较具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。阳性细胞多为神经元。结论脑损伤后COX-2mRNA及蛋白的表达具有时间规律性,可作为法医学推断脑损伤形成时间的指标。     

人脑挫伤后bFGF和COX2免疫组化染色观察

目的　观察人脑损伤后bFGF和COX2的动态变化规律 ,建立推断脑挫伤经过时间新方法。方法　应用免疫组织化学染色和图像分析技术 ,对 3 5例重度颅脑损伤案例的脑挫伤灶周边区bFGF和COX2的表达进行观察检测。结果　bFGF阳性细胞在即刻死亡组表达强度最大 ,伤后 12h急剧下降 (P <0 0 1) ,以后逐渐缓慢下降 ;COX2阳性细胞表达于伤后 12h急剧升高 (P <0 0 1) ,伤后 1d达峰值 ,以后逐渐下降 ,在伤后 11d消失。结论　bFGF和COX2的免疫组织化学染色可作为推断人脑挫伤经过时间的参考指标。     

兔皮肤钝器伤IL-1β、COX-2和MCP-1 mRNA表达与法医学应用

目的应用荧光定量PCR技术检测兔皮肤钝器伤后IL-1β、COX-2和MCP-1mRNA的时序性表达规律,分析其与损伤时间的关系。方法分别在兔耳皮肤钝器伤后<0.5h,0.5h,1h,2h,3h,4h,5h,6h,8h,12h,24h,1d,3d,7d和死后10min,0.5h,1h取材,一步法提取组织总RNA,逆转录合成cDNA第一条链,荧光定量PCR检测IL-1β、COX-2和MCP-1mRNA逆转录合成第一条cDNA链的拷贝数,作统计学分析。结果IL-1βmRNA在钝器伤后<0.5h表达显著增强(P<0.001),0.5h达到峰值,至第2d降至基本水平;COX-2mRNA于创伤后0.5h表达显著增强(P<0.05)并持续强表达至24h开始下降,第2d降至正常;MCP-1 mRNA在钝器伤后于1h表达显著增强(P<0.05),于3h出现表达峰,至第3d降至正常;3个指标在死后各时间组与正常对照无明显表达差异。结论检测皮肤IL-1β、COX-2和MCP-1mRNA可对早期损伤时间的推断提供帮助,并且这三个指标都可以鉴别生前伤和死后伤。     

大鼠脑挫伤后NTE与COX-2表达随时间的变化

目的观察大鼠脑挫伤后脑组织NTE和COX-2的表达变化，并评价其法医学的意义。方法健康SD大鼠48只，随机分成正常对照组、手术对照组、挫伤组（按挫伤后处死时间再分为lh、12h、1d、3d、7d、14d共6个组）每组6只。以自由落体撞击法制作脑挫裂伤模型；应用免疫组化方法检测COX-2和NTE在脑组织中的表达情况；用SPSS13．0软件分析COX-2和NTE的表达情况与脑挫伤后存活时间的相关性。结果正常对照组和假手术绢NTE和COX-2均呈低水平表达，脯挫伤组伤后NTE和COX-2表达逐渐增强，均于1d达到高峰，至14d时COX-2表达降至正常对照组水平，而NTE仍高于正常对照组水平；挫伤各组与正常对照组比较，除1h组灰度值无统计学差异（P〉0．05）外，其余各组均有明显差异（P〈0．01）。结论脑挫伤后脑组织NTE和COX-2的表达均呈现先增强后下降的趋势，其表达规律有望为脑挫伤诊断及损伤时间推断提供参考。     

载脂蛋白E与脑损伤的研究进展

载脂蛋白E(apolipoprote in E,apo E)在脑损伤愈后过程中起着重要的作用,在损伤后不同时段,apo E含量及出现部位均呈现一定的波动性,而这些问题对探讨脑损伤的治疗及在法医学中推断脑损伤时间有十分重要的意义。本文现就这些问题的相关研究作一概述。     

2004年第20卷中文文题索引（期：页）

法医病理皮肤切创愈合中caspase-3表达的免疫组化研究……………………………………杜宇,官大威,赵锐(1):1大鼠脑损伤后COX-2表达变化的时间规律性研究……………………………吴旭,王保捷,张国华,等(1):4Connexin43与心肌缺血相关性研究……陈阳,胡华子,廖志钢,等(1):7大鼠不同程度脑挫伤后caspase-3表达的研究………………………………陶陆阳,陈溪萍,卞士中,等(1):9溺死大鼠肺组织水通道蛋白1的表达…………………………………………胡华子,陈阳,廖志钢,等(1):13早期心肌缺血心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白的免疫组织化学观察……………………………     

大鼠液压冲击脑损伤bFGF及其受体FGFR1 mRNA表达

目的 观察脑损伤后 bFGF及其受体 FGFRl mRNA表达及其时序性变化,探讨脑损伤的分子机制及法医学脑损伤时间推断。方法 用原位杂交(ISH)和RT-PCR技术观察大鼠液压冲击脑损伤后bFGF及FGFRl mRNA在伤后不同时间(30min、1h、3h、6h、12h、1d、3d、7d)的表达情况,以正常大鼠及手术大鼠作为对照。结果(1)正常及手术对照组大鼠脑组织内有低水平的bFGF及FGFRl mRNA表达;(2)脑损伤后6h～3d,大脑皮质和脑干bFGF/FGFRl mRNA水平逐渐增加,7d时已有所下降,但仍未恢复到基础水平;(3)海马冲击后3h即开始显著增加,3d开始下降,7d时已恢复到基础水平。结论 脑损伤可诱导bFGF/FGFRl基因表达,机体对脑损伤存在自身保护机制,其表达的时序性改变可望用于法医学脑损伤时间推断。     

液压冲击脑损伤后细胞间粘附分子表达的研究

目的测定外伤性脑损伤后脑内细胞间粘附分子(ICAM-1)的变化。方法用大鼠液压冲击脑损伤致伤模型制作大鼠脑损伤,伤后2、4、8、12、24h取脑组织,用免疫组织化学方法染色并用MIAS图像分析系统进行图像分析。结果脑损伤后2h即可见ICAM-1在脑内表达上调,12h达高峰,24h已回落。结论测定I-CAM-1在脑内的变化情况,可为推断24h以内脑损伤形成时间及伤后存活时间提供参考。     

大鼠液压冲击脑损伤TGF-β1及其受体TβR I的表达

目的观察脑损伤后TGF-β1及其受体TβRI蛋白表达及其时序性变化,探讨脑损伤的分子机制及法医学脑损伤时间推断。方法用免疫组织化学方法观察大鼠液压冲击脑损伤后TGF-β1及其受体TβRI蛋白在伤后不同时间(30 min、1 h、3 h、6 h、12 h、1 d、3 d、7 d)的表达情况,以正常大鼠及手术大鼠作为对照。结果 (1)正常及手术对照组大鼠脑组织内有低水平的TGF-β1及TβRI表达;(2)脑损伤后1～3d,大脑皮质和脑干TGF-β1/TβRI蛋白表达逐渐增加,7 d时仍维持在高表达水平;(3)海马冲击后12 h～1 d逐渐增加,3 d时仍处于高表达水平,7 d时已开始下降。结论脑损伤可诱导TGF-β1/TβRI基因在脑内表达,其时序性改变可望用于法医学脑损伤时间推断。     

The time-dependent expressions of IL-1beta, COX-2, MCP-1 mRNA in skin wounds of rabbits

In this study, we investigated the time-dependent expression of IL-1beta, COX-2, MCP-1 mRNA after incised wounds in rabbit skin using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The tested wound ages were distributed as following: <0.5h, 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h, 5h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 2d, 3d, and 7d. The expressions of three markers in postmortem wounds were determined. Comparison of each wound age with control group, expression of IL-1beta mRNA showed that the significant increase occurred at <0.5h (p<0.01), and the peak level at 2h. The expression was almost normalized at 2d. But for COX-2 and MCP-1 mRNA, the significant increase occurred at 1h for COX-2 mRNA, and 3h for MCP-1 mRNA. The expression peak levels were at 3h and 5h, and were almost normalized at 3d and 7d, respectively. There was no significant increase in all postmortem samples for IL-1beta, COX-2, MCP-1 mRNA compared with control group. Thus, the results of these cytokines and enzyme significant increase at different early wound ages implied that the combined investigation could make wound age determination more objective and accurate. Moreover, the three markers could also be used to distinguish the supravital injuries.     

Postmortem changes in cytochrome c oxidase activity in various organs of the rat and in human heart

Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), a mitochondrial enzyme, is inactivated by cyanide or carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication. To test whether cytochrome c has potential as an indicator of these toxins in cadavers, we measured COX activity in the main organs of the rat, and in the human heart, at various times after death. Each tissue sample or organ was homogenized and the COX activity in the mitochondrial fraction was measured using ferrous cytochrome c as the substrate. COX activity was significantly higher in rat brain, heart and kidney than in lung and liver from 0 to 4 days after death. The loss of COX activity was significantly slower in the brain and heart than in the lung, liver and kidney. Most importantly, COX activity correlated with the time-since-death for each of the rat organs we tested (r2=0.70-0.95), but for the human heart (r2=0.47). It may be possible that COX activity is likely to be a useful indicator of the time-since-death, and is worth pursuing as an indicator of the tissue cyanide and CO content.     

在大鼠颅脑损伤慢性病程中BCL-2蛋白的表达

用免疫组化方法研究在实验性大鼠颅脑损伤慢性病程中BCL－2蛋白的表达变化,为颅脑损伤后经过一段时间死亡者确定损伤与死亡的关系提供依据。结果发现：BCL－2蛋白广泛表达于正常大鼠脑内,在伤后3d,其表达降低,至伤后1周降低明显,伤后4周恢复正常。提示在颅脑损伤后4周内死亡者,其死亡与颅脑外伤关系较密切。用免疫组比方法观察BCL－2蛋白在脑内的表达变化,对颅脑损伤后4周内死亡者脑损伤的确定有一定价值。     

Revisiting the matrilineal lineages and hypoxic adaptation of highland Tibetans

The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays a vital role in forensic, anthropological, biogeographical and genealogical studies. In the present study, we sequenced 59 mitochondrial genomes of Tibetan individuals settling in Muli Tibetan Autonomous County of Sichuan Province using the Precision ID mtDNA Whole Genome Panel and Ion S5 XL system. Meanwhile, 192 published complete mitogenomes from five Tibetan populations were included for further analysis. All 251 investigated Tibetan participants were assigned to 98 unique subclades pertained to the macrohaplogroups M and N, and 17 subhaplogroups were considered as major haplogroups of Tibetans since these subhaplogroups accounted for considerably high frequencies in randomly selected Tibetans. It was noteworthy that M9a1a1c1b1a was the predominant subhaplogroup in the Tibetans collectively. Furthermore, the nonsynonymous substitutions and synonymous substitutions ratios (N/S) of Tibetans, Tibetan highlanders (Monpas, Lhobas, Dengs and Sherpas), non-Tibetan highlanders and general populations were estimated to evaluate the potential selective constraints. The N/S ratio in the Tibetan groups (0.503) is higher than that in Tibetan highlanders (0.465), non-Tibetan highlanders (0.430) and general populations (0.415). The distributions of N/S ratio in 13 protein-coding genes revealed that significant differences were existed in COX2, ATP8 genes, which likely contributed to hypoxic adaptation.     

怀疑原发性脑干损伤早期死亡脑干纤维联结蛋白的免疫组化研究

在本研究的１３个案例中，怀疑原发性脑干伤死亡的５例，明确死因的８例，其中严重闭合性颅脑损伤２例；缢死１例，失血性休克１例，电击２例，海洛因中毒２例。用ＬＳＡＢ法对１３例脑干的中脑、脑桥、延髓各部ＦＮ进行检测。结果显示５例怀疑为原发性脑干伤、２例严重颅脑损伤、２例海洛因中毒死者的脑千部位的神经元内均可见ＦＮ的异常沉积，其它各例未见ＦＮ的异常沉积。结果表明；ＬＳＡＢ－ＦＮ法是诊断原发性脑干伤早期死亡灵敏但非特异的形态学指标。