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一、特点随着我国社会主义法制建设的不断发展,运用法医技术为侦察、审判服务,在实践中已越来越重要了。同时,新的形势也为法医技术工作 相似文献
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医学科学的发展,为法医临床学的发展打下了良好的基础.X线、CT、MRI、ABR以及其它新的临床诊断技术,为法医临床学鉴定提供了客观依据,促进了法医临床学的不断发展.本文仅从听力损害法医学鉴定角度谈一谈其鉴定的难点及对策,希望能给法医同仁提供一定的参考. 相似文献
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尸体解剖是法医学传统的、经典的技术手段,但由于需破坏尸体,尸体解剖有时会遭到抵制和排斥。虚拟解剖技术为法医学检验提供了一种非侵入性的检验途径,可客观准确地反映骨折、软组织损伤、创道、器官损伤等,为法医学鉴定实践提供直观有力的证据。本文综合国内外最新文献资料,从虚拟解剖在法医损伤鉴定、机械性窒息、溺死、高低温死亡、疾病诊断及其在法医有限元损伤研究中的应用等方面进行综述,阐述了这一新的法医学研究方向。 相似文献
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死亡时间(postmortem interval,PMI)推断一直是法医工作的重点和难点之一,法医昆虫学在PMI推断上有着独特的优势。近年来,法医昆虫学的理论和技术不断丰富,但在研究和实践中仍然有许多问题。Daubert规则的提出,对应用法医昆虫学知识推断PMI的可信度及准确度提出了更多的要求。本文围绕Daubert规则从生态学、数量遗传学、种群遗传学、分子生物学、微生物学等角度综述了这些理论在法医昆虫学中的应用,为基础理论研究和法医实践之间搭建了一座桥梁,以便运用法医昆虫学在PMI推断中为司法实践提供更准确的依据。 相似文献
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法医工作者的职业暴露风险极大,案件现场及尸体上的有毒有害物质、高致病性微生物以及利器、骨折等因素均可能给法医带来身心伤害甚至生命危险。随着经济社会发展,法医的工作环境已经较过去显著改善,但是针对个人防护的重视程度仍需提高。近年来公共卫生事件频发,给法医职业防护带来新的挑战,迫切需要借鉴生物安全领域的先进技术和防护理念,以满足新形势下法医工作的需要。本指南立足当前法医职业防护的实际需求,从暴露风险、防护分级、应急处置等角度阐述,希望能为制定法医职业防护相关标准提供参考,以指导法医工作者开展个人防护工作,为提升法医职业化水平和身心健康提供帮助。 相似文献
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人工智能(artifi cial intelligence, AI)是基于大数据、机器学习等技术的一种智能化解决方案,能够提升形态学识别能力、诊断效率及质量。随着科学技术的迅猛发展,AI技术突飞猛进,成果应用日益广泛,为解决各类现实问题提供了新的方案和参考。“AI+”被广泛用于各行各业,取得了优异的成绩,其中法医学领域近年来涌现出了一批优秀的研究成果。本文对近三年来国内外法医学者发表的有关论文进行综述,希望能够为全国法医同行在病理学、临床学、人类学、毒物学等方面的研究提供新的思路。 相似文献
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Stephanie Jill Gendell 《Family Court Review》2001,39(1):25-42
President Clinton signed the Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA) into law on November 19, 1997. ASFA is designed to prevent children in foster care from being returned to unsafe homes and to find safe homes for children who are not able to return to their families. Some critics say that ASFA is too extensive and intrusive; others feel it does not go far enough. The author focuses on the practical issues of what ASFA has done so far and how various communities can still use it to ameliorate some of their child welfare problems. She begins with the history of child welfare in the United States, followed by an extensive discussion of ASFA's provisions. The author then addresses criticisms of some of ASFA's key components. A discussion of the ways the states have implemented ASFA follows. The author concludes that ASFA could be a powerful and important tool in aiding the child welfare system. 相似文献
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DARWIN GAMBLE 《犯罪学》1980,17(4):471-476
Previous research has produced conflicting findings concerning the relationship between police evaluation by citizens and unreported crime rate. Data for thirteen large American cities indicate a weak positive relationship between the two variables. Strong negative relationships are evident between unreported crime rate and variables measuring police systems activities and demographic characteristics. Cities with the highest levels of police expenditures and manpower have the lowest levels of unreported crime, as do cities with high percentages of nonwhites and dense populations. Further analysis reveals that controlling for percentage of nonwhites and police manpower severely attenuates the original correlation between unreported crime rate and police evaluation. We conclude that future research should endeavor to explain the linkage between police systems activities and unreported crime. 相似文献
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This study examines changes in the rate of offending in a sample of 8,834 males whose official juvenile law-violating careers included 26,650 offense episodes between ages 8 and 17 The rate of offending of active offenders (i.e., lambda) varied substantially as a function of age, increasing monotonically with age. Lambda, however, was not related to the age at first offense. In fact, the average lambda was amazingly constant at each individual age level regardless of the age at which offending began or desisted. Results are discussed in the light of age-crime curves known from other data sets and from the perspective of developmental changes in the rate of offending as youths grow older. 相似文献