论行政法的宪政基础——对行政法与宪法之间关系的再认识

在对行政法与宪法之间关系的认识上,我国行政法学界的主流观点存在一定的片面性。事实上,行政法与宪法具有作为公法的同一性;两者之间也存在作为部门法的差异性;最为重要的是,“宪政国家是行政法的前提”,行政法必须构建在宪政基础之上——行政权的合法性来自于其在宪政结构中的地位与职能、宪政控制行政法治的性质与方向、宪政决定并塑造行政法的风貌与品格。中国行政法同样需要具备宪政基础。     

论保险合同的无效

保险合同无效是指因法定原因使已成立的保险合同全部或部分不能发生法律效力。保险合同无效的原因及法律后果应同时适用民法通则、合同法和保险法的相关规定。     

The Law Faculty of M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University,Decorated with the Order of Lenin and the Order of the Red Banner of Labor

The Law Department of Moscow State University (MGU) is the oldest school for higher legal education in the country. It was founded in 1755 and in 1804 was reorganized as the Division of Ethics and Politics, In 1835 a Faculty of Law again made its appearance in the structure of MGU. In 1919 at MGU a Faculty of Social Sciences came into being, within which a Division of Politics and Law was established (taking the place of the Law Faculty), and this in turn was renamed the Law Division in 1921. In 1925 a Faculty of Soviet Law was established at MGU in place of the Law Division. This faculty ceased to exist in 1931, and its place was taken by two independent institutions: the Moscow Institute of Soviet Law of the People's Commissariat of Justice of the USSR, and the Moscow Institute of Soviet Government under the All-Union Central Executive Committee (VTsIK). In March 1942 the Law Faculty was revived and continues to exist. In 1954 the Moscow Juridical Institute was merged into the Law Faculty of MGU.     

Disability Law as an Academic Discipline: Towards Cohesion and Mainstreaming?

This article calls for a strengthening of Disability Law as an academic discipline and offers orientation for its future development. It argues that there is a need for enhanced cohesion among those already applying a critical disability perspective within disciplines such as Equality Law, Mental Health and Capacity Law, and Social Care and Protection Law and also for greater mainstreaming of this approach across the full breadth of sociolegal scholarship. The article is divided into three main sections. The first contextualizes Disability Law by reflecting on its relationship with other legal disciplines and broader pools of scholarship. The second focuses on issues of scope and structure. The third offers orientation for future Disability Law work by outlining four key cross-cutting challenges with the potential to bring together scholars with expertise in different areas of substantive law.     

新专利法对专利保护制度的完善

新专利法已于2001年7月1日起施行,此次专利法的修改是全面的,并有许多内容是实质性的改变,及时适应了中国加入 WTO 以后专利制度与 TRIPS 协议接轨的需要。本文仅就专利法第七章新增规定的七个方面,谈谈新专利法对专利保护制度的完善。     

新《律师法》与《刑事诉讼法》的立法性冲突及化解路径——兼论我国法律适用规则的完善

新<律师法>与<刑事诉讼法>存在立法性冲突,导致新<律师法>施行后的执法性报复.学术界和实务界对新<律师法>的法律效力见解不一.根据<宪法>、<立法法>等规定,全国人大与其常委会的关系不能成为确定新<律师法>与<刑事诉讼法>法律位阶关系之根据.全国人大与其常委会不属于<立法法>中的同一机关,但"视为"同一机关具有现实合理性.全国人大常委会法制工作委员会对新<律师法>法律效力的答复存在形式上的不妥当性与内容上的不合法性.应通过个案解决的立法技术以及法律适用规则的完善,为新<律师法>与<刑事诉讼法>的立法性冲突提供解决对策,也为国内法律冲突提供制度化化解路径.     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Maladministration and its Remedies. By K. C. Wheare. Jurisprudence: Text and Readings on the Philosophy of Law. By George C. Christie. Society and the Policeman's Role. By Maureen E. Cain. International Library of Sociology. The Law of Damages. By A. I. Ogus. The Law of Partnership in Scotland. By J. B. Miller Cases and Materials on International Law. By D. J. Harris. Stannary Law—A History of the Mining Law of Cornwall and Devon. By Robert R. Pennington. Studies in International Law. By F. A. Mann.     

关于票据质押有关问题的探讨

票据质押是兼跨《票据法》和《担保法》的法律问题,其实质在于以票据设定质权而担保债权,由于票据是一种特殊的权利质押标的,《票据法》和《担保法》又没有一个统一的规定,由此产生了票据质押行为的性质、票据质押的生效要件、票据质押法律效力以及票据质押权利的范围和票据质权的实现等一系列亟待解决的问题。     

“商法通则”三大基本制度研究

目前,法学界对于"商法通则"的制定问题已经展开了讨论,但是,其中大部分的研究还只是停留在诸如是否要制定"商法通则",以及:"商法通则"的基本框架结构的层面上,而较少涉及"商法通则"所应规范的基本制度的研究.在"商法通则"所应规范的基本制度方面谈一些自己的意见,仅供立法者和研究者参考.     

理想与现实之间的《劳动合同法》——总体评价与创新点解析

《劳动合同法》的出台是各种背景因素综合催生的结果,具有重要的法制意义。基于理想主义和现实主义的双重法律观评价,《劳动合同法》有得有失,综合衡量,得多失少。《劳动合同法》蕴涵创新精神,在诸多制度层面体现创新内容。正确解释、评析这些制度创新内容,有助于促进《劳动合同法》的有效实施和适时完善。     

欧共体竞争法与成员国竞争法关系初探

由于均对各自适用范围做扩张性解释,因而欧共体竞争法与成员国竞争法在适用范围上不可避免地产生了重叠, 二者构成了一利双重控制体系。但这种双重控制体系又是有条件的双重控制体系,即当二者之间有冲突时,应以共同体竞争法的效力为优先。随着统一大市场的形成以及从属原则被确立为欧盟法的基本原则,这种双重控制体系面临瓦解的可能,在未来有必要对两套法律体系的适用范围进行重新划定,从而使其各行其是,互不干涉,而且预计成员国竞争法的地位会得到相应提升,并发挥其应有的作用。     

中国近代票据立法探析

本文旨在以清末《大清商律草案》中的票据法草案,北洋政府的票据法草案及南京国民政府制颁的1929年《票据法》为基本线索,考察中国近代票据立法的产生、发展变化的历史进程及其规律性,揭示中国近代票据立法的特点,探寻中国是如何移植西方票据法律制度,走上了近代化道路的。     

“入库规则”:传统的悖离与超越

随着经济的快速发展 ,债权代位权制度在实行效果上 ,出现了对“入库规则”的背离 ,形成了优先权规则。本文从合同法与破产法、民事诉讼法的协调出发 ,认为 ,“入库规则”应与破产同化 ,而优先权规则应遵循强制执行的理念 ,追求效率下的公平。     

婚内侵权行为的民事责任承担

对于《中华人民共和国婚姻法》（以下简称《婚姻法》）第四十六条及其司法解释关于婚内侵权的规定,司法实践中产生歧义：一是认为我国不认可婚内侵权行为需民事责任承担,理由是＂法不入家门＂,且执行存在困难;二是认为婚内侵权行为理应如其他主体之间的侵权行为一样承担相同的民事责任,受害人可依据《中华人民共和国民法通则》及其《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》要求侵权的配偶承担民事责任。在第二种意见占据主流后,《婚姻法》及配套司法解释的修改就是顺理成章的事,而在执行环节制定可具操作性的措施是立法修改成功与否的关键。     

论法律人工智能的法理逻辑

法律人工智能的法理是"实践之法理",是证成法律人工智能实践之正当性的理据,它反映人工智能的技术理性与法律实践理性相融合以揭示法律运行的规律和特征,是"法外之理"的又一阐释。法律人工智能的法理逻辑在于辩护和证成,其价值不仅为法律人工智能提供法理解释和学理支撑,还在于规范和引导法律人工智能的发展。法律融合人工智能有其天然条件,探究其蕴含之法理是法律融合科技之法理的新命题,法理形式理性是辩护法律人工智能之法理的本质特征。法理之要义应在于指导人工智能理解和遵循立法及司法规律,符合法律任务的特征,满足法律实践的需求,定位和发挥"辅助手"的作用,最大限度地发挥人工智能的技术优势。     

司法公正与海事诉讼程序的独立

我国现行的海事、海商案件是依照《民事诉讼法》为基础审理的,但《民事诉讼法》并不能完全保障具有特殊专业性和较强国际性的《海商法》的有效实施。而《海事诉讼特别程序法》又不具有独立的程序法地位。进行程序法的体制改革,制定独立的海事诉讼法,是实现海事司法公正的重要条件。     

SETTING THE SCENE

This article focuses on the Family Law Act of Australia and its subsequent impact on the Australian courts. There is an analysis of the historical and social factors that led to the legislation. The article also discusses the constitutional precedent and framework surrounding the Family Law Act's inception. Finally, the article addresses the future of the Australian courts under the Family Law Act.     

The new progress in Chinese Arbitration Law

The Chinese Arbitration Law of 1995, together with the Civil Procedure Law and other sources of arbitration laws, is served as the legal bases for the Chinese arbitration system. Compared with advanced arbitration systems in the world, there still exist some defects of the Chinese Arbitration Law due to its lack of rich legislative experience and the conservative attitude toward arbitration. However, the Judicial Interpretation by the Supreme Court of China in 1995 makes a progress in Chinese Arbitration Law by strengthening the support to arbitration, but not playing the interventionist role of it.     

试论行政法的控权功能

行政法主要是调整国家行政机关与其相对人之间关系的法律规范。在我国,人们常常只从解决行政纠纷上来理解行政法的本质,往往忽视行政法对行政权的控制功能,本文就行政法的控权功能进行研究。     

公司法律规范分类研究

公司法律规范的种类应当包括强制适用规范、授权适用规范和推定适用规范。强制适用规范是强行界定当事人权利义务关系的一种公法和私法相融合的法律规范,授权适用规范和推定适用规范有助于私法自治原则的推行。解析公司法律规范的研究目的在于,重构公司法律规范体系,即内在的规范体系和外在的规范体系。内在的规范体系由公司法、民法、合同法等私法规范构成,外在的规范体系由宪法、刑法、行政法等公法规范和内在规范体系共同形成一个统一的整体。