论罪刑相适应原则之刑法地位

罪刑相适应原则在国内刑法理论中早就提了出来,并在现行的刑法条文中有所表述。但对该原则的已有理论研究高度不够,视野狭窄。立足于罪刑相适应原则之于刑罚个别化、罪责刑相适应原则、罪刑法定原则、刑法面前人人平等原则和刑法人道主义原则的关系较为全面而深入地揭示了罪刑相适应原则的刑法核心原则地位,从而为宏观把握和整体领悟刑法开启一扇窗口。     

论平等在刑法中的地位

刑法第四条就适用刑法人人平等作了明确的规定,但关于平等在刑法中处于什么位置一直备受争议。关于平等在刑法中的地位,主要涉及三个问题,即:平等是法律原则还是法律权利;平等是否能为刑法的基本原则;刑法平等原则与罪刑法定原则、罪责刑相适应原则之间是什么关系。     

浅议军事刑法的基本原则

军事刑法具有自身独特的价值追求和运行方式,普通刑法的基本原则无法完全反映和实现军事刑法的目的,军事刑法在遵循普通刑法基本原则的同时,还应当发展适合自身特点的特有原则,以更好地发挥军事刑法的功能。侧重预防原则、宽厉相济原则和军事刑法独立原则应当成为军事刑法的基本原则。     

论刑法解释的基本原则

对刑法解释基本原则的研究,在方法论和存在论上必然遭遇到语言解释学上不可避免的部分和整体之间的循环问题。确立刑法解释的基本原则受几个关系的影响:哲学解释学、一般法律解释和刑法解释学的关系;刑法的基本原则和刑法解释的基本原则之间的关系;刑法的基本思想和刑法解释的基本原则之间的关系。“以政策为指导原则”、“整体性原则”、“明确具体原则”不是刑法解释的基本原则。我国刑法解释的基本原则有三个:合法性原则,它是刑法解释的形式规制;合理性原则,它是刑法解释的实质规制;合目的性原则,它是刑法解释原则的冲突之整合规则。     

“客观的超过要素”概念之提倡

一、问题的提出在我国,主客观相统一的原则已经得到公认。新刑法颁行之前,许多刑法著作与教科书都将主客观相统一视为刑法的基本原则。〔１〕虽然新刑法只是明文规定了罪刑法定、适用刑法平等与罪刑相适应原则,但许多具体规定体现了主客观相统一的原则（如新刑法第１４...     

我国刑法应明确规定基本原则

<正> 刑法基本原则是在充分认识犯罪与刑罚的规律的基础上确立的,在制定刑法与适用过程中必须遵循的行为准则。刑法基本原则不同于社会主义法律共有的原则和刑法领域内局部适用的原则,它是贯穿全部刑法的,具有刑法这一部门法的特殊性的原则。我国1979年颁布的刑法没有对刑法基本原则作出明文规定,刑法理论界根据我国刑法的立法精神和有关规定的内容进行了探讨,认识很不一致。本文拟从确立刑法基本原则的重要     

论我国刑法的基本原则

罪刑法定、法律面前人人平等、罪刑相适应,是我国刑法的基本原则,这些原则的确立,是由我国的政权性质和马克思主义刑法观决定的,体现了依法治国的方略,是建设社会主义市场经济和人权保障的需要,是我国实践经验的总结。其确立的标准,一是为刑法所特有,但也不排除与其他部门法共同使用同一原则,二是贯穿于整部刑法中,刑法的三项基本原则在刑法中的地位是平等的,在贯彻执行刑法的基本原则时,应当注意正确理解和科学适用。     

刑法追诉时效的溯及力原则适用问题分析——以追诉时效延长制度为视角

1997年刑法颁布后,刑法追诉时效延长制度做了重大修改,按照刑法＂从旧兼从轻＂的溯及力原则,新的制度不应具有溯及力。但从刑法第12条和相关司法解释的规定、程序问题所遵循的溯及力原则、＂有利于被告原则＂的正确理解等角度,对发生在1997年刑法颁布前的犯罪行为如果在1997年刑法生效后仍然处于追诉期,则一律采用1997年刑法相关规定处理刑法追诉问题。     

试论我国刑法基本原则的几个问题

一、我国刑法基本原则的定义 关于我国刑法基本原则的定义,目前刑法理论界有不同的见解。有的将我国刑法的基本原则界定为:“在制定和适用刑法过程中,必须严格遵守的准则。它是刑法所固有的、带有全局性、根本性意义的原则。”也有的认为,“我国刑法的基本原则,就是确定刑法关于犯罪与刑罚等一系列基本问题时所遵循的原则。”还有的表述为:“刑法的基本原则就是协调刑法体系内部犯罪和刑罚相互关系所依据的原则。种种表述,见仁见智。     

刑事自由裁量权与刑法基本原则关系研究

刑法基本原则不但是制定、解释和适用刑法的准则,而且体现了刑法的基本精神。刑事自由裁量权是刑法适用过程中普遍存在的一种权力。罪刑法定原则并不排斥刑事自由裁量权,罪刑法定原则认可以严格规则为主、以自由裁量为补充的立法模式。自由裁量权对适用刑法人人平等原则有一定的冲击,所谓的适用刑法人人平等实际上是包括了自由裁量因素在内的相对意义的人人平等。罪责刑相适应原则,在本质上确认法官的刑事自由裁量权,罪责刑相适应原则与法官的自由裁量权具相辅相成性。     

论法治国家、法治政府、法治社会建设的相互关系

法治国家、法治政府、法治社会三个概念在同一时空使用时,法治国家指整个国家公权力的法治化;法治政府主要指国家行政权行使的法治化;法治社会则主要指政党和其他社会共同体行使社会公权力的法治化。法治国家、法治政府、法治社会建设的相互关系是:建设法治国家是建设法治政府的前提,建设法治政府是建设法治国家的关键;建设法治国家是建设法治社会的基础,建设法治社会是建设法治国家的条件;建设法治政府是建设法治社会的保障,建设法治社会是建设法治政府的目标。     

Finding of a bullet in the cervical column of a body hit by a train

This case is about the finding of a body of an unidentified male of approximately 70 years of age who was hit by a train. During the carrying out of the corresponding autopsy and after the radiological tests for posterior odontological identification, a foreign body of a cylindrical-cone shape, identical to that of a bullet, was found lodged between the first and second cervical vertebrae. During dissection of the neck, a bullet was found. When the ballistic test was carried out, it was ascertained that the bullet was from a cartridge of 7.92 by 57-mm Mauser caliber, manufactured in Spain in 1936. This ammunition corresponds to that used during the Civil War in Spain (1936-1939). After the identification of the body, it was proved that the bullet was the result of a war wound. However, the victim had been unaware of the existence of the bullet, which had remained in his body for 50 years.     

合同成立与生效区分的再探讨

作者考察了各主要国家民法对合同成立与生效区分的态度及其成因,认为法律对这一区分的态度受到合意在交易中的地位、意思主义与表示主义、法律对法律行为本质的认识等因素的影响,并探讨了合同成立与生效区分的意义、合同的不成立与被撤销之间的关系等内容.在此基础上,揭示了我国《合同法》区分合同成立与生效的法理基础及《合同法》相关规定的不足之处.     

Estimation of the quantity of a drug in a consignment from measurements on a sample

A consignment of individual packages is thought to contain illegal material, such as drugs, in some or all of the packages. A sample from the consignment is inspected and the quantity of drugs in each package of the sample is measured. It is desired to estimate the total quantity of drugs in the consignment. Sampling variation is present in the original measurements and it is not sufficient just to adjust the sample mean pro rata. An analysis is described which takes account of the uncertainty concerning the proportion of the packages that contain drugs and provides a probabilistic summary of the quantity of drugs in the consignment. In particular, a probabilistic lower bound for the quantity of drugs in the consignment is given, which is dependent on the required standard of proof. This is in contrast to the approach based on confidence intervals which assumes that in the long run, the interval will contain the correct quantity the appropriate proportion of the time, but gives no measure of uncertainty associated with the particular consignment under consideration.     

Monitoring the Work of the Apparatus of a Ministry

The rise in the scale and complexity of the tasks of building communism constantly puts new and higher demands on the apparatus for managing the country's economic and social development. A special role in assuring that the mechanism of administration will proceed without fits and starts belongs to the ministries, upon which are placed the full responsibility for the state of affairs in the branches of economy and culture under their jurisdiction. The December 1977 Plenum of the CPSU Centr Committee emphasized that the duty of the heads of each branch and each ministry requires that, as they seek improvement of their indices, they tie this as closely as possible to the final effect of their work on the national economy, that they overcome elements of localism and departmentalism, and that they help to satisfy real social needs in the most economical and effective manner possible.