Stability of cholesterol gall stones after 165 years of burial

A woman who died in 1837 was exhumed for the purposes of moving the grave to another location. During the excavation, small white deposits of stone were uncovered in the right abdominal region, inferior to the rib cage and superior to the ilium blade. These stones were analyzed for cholesterol, bilirubin, and calcium following solubilization using methyl tert-butyl ether as a solvent. The results of these clinical chemistry analyses showed that these stones consisted primarily of cholesterol. Under these particular soil conditions encountered in this case, cholesterol gall stones are stable for at least 165 years.     

论公众环境诉权的实现--对完善《环境保护法》第6条的思考

公众有权就环境问题提起诉讼是公众参与环境保护的主要形式 ,也是环境法实施的重要途径。但我国《宪法》和《环境保护法》仅对公众的环境诉权作了原则性规定 ,公众环境诉权缺乏程序性保障而难以实现。纵观国外在保障公众环境诉权方面 ,是不断放宽环境诉讼原告资格的过程。修订我国环境法有关环境诉讼的程序性规定 ,建立环境公众诉讼制度 ,是环境权从应有权利到实有权利的必由之路。     

Adoption and Victorian culture

In 1888, evangelical, educator and feminist Constance Maynard adopted Effie Anthon, a six year old girl from a Salvation Army orphanage. Her mother, Rosabianca Fasulo was an unmarried, Italian woman recently “rescued” by the Salvation Army. Maynard anticipated that Effie would one day join her at her college but she met none of the expectations for her. She entered domestic service but fell ill with tuberculosis and died in a workhouse in 1915. This is one particular case history of an adoption when the practice was not yet formalized but small numbers began to adopt children unknown to them. It tentatively opens up the history of adoption in Victorian Britain. It also illuminates some broader questions about family ties, the meanings associated with motherhood, and how the body and character formation were understood.     

Dehydration and heat-related death: sweat lodge syndrome

A 37-year-old Caucasian male died of dehydration and heat exposure following a sweat lodge ceremony in outback Australia. The case demonstrates difficulties that may arise in the determination of the cause of death at autopsy due to nonspecific pathologic findings in hyperthermic deaths. There are also a number of features that characterize this particular "sweat lodge syndrome," including prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures in a relatively uncontrolled environment, failure to ensure adequate hydration, failure to appreciate the significance of loss of consciousness, use of ineffective alternative methods of treatment, and delay in seeking appropriate medical care. Unfortunately, the adoption of rituals and practice from other cultures may not be a completely safe undertaking. Participants in this type of activity must be cognizant of the types of medical problems that may arise. Individuals with significant cardiovascular disease, those who are taking certain medications that predispose to hyperthermia, or those who have had large amounts of alcohol should not enter sweat lodges.     

Adoption and Victorian culture

In 1888, evangelical, educator and feminist Constance Maynard adopted Effie Anthon, a six year old girl from a Salvation Army orphanage. Her mother, Rosabianca Fasulo was an unmarried, Italian woman recently “rescued” by the Salvation Army. Maynard anticipated that Effie would one day join her at her college but she met none of the expectations for her. She entered domestic service but fell ill with tuberculosis and died in a workhouse in 1915. This is one particular case history of an adoption when the practice was not yet formalized but small numbers began to adopt children unknown to them. It tentatively opens up the history of adoption in Victorian Britain. It also illuminates some broader questions about family ties, the meanings associated with motherhood, and how the body and character formation were understood.     

高等学校对学生纪律处分的法理分析

由于高等学校对学生纪律处分和纠纷解决的立法不完善,导致各高校纪律处分的实施和对被处分学生的救济方式大相径庭。本文探讨了高校纪律处分的法律依据、纪律处分的性质及其与行政处罚的关系,认为高校纪律处分是一种惩戒性的具体行政行为,被处分学生不服可以提起行政诉讼。     

Identification of a Buried Cadaver Based on Finger Ridge Characteristics of a Hand Protected by a Latex Glove

This paper presents the case of a cadaver buried in a pine grove, in loamy soil at a depth of about 1.8 m. The case is quite interesting due to the fact that one hand of the victim was bare and the other one was clad in a latex glove. In the laboratory, the severed hands were gently washed with water. The left palm exhibited signs of advanced decomposition. The ridges were visible only on the thumb. The gloved hand was found to be in much better condition. There were signs of saponification on the palm. Ridges on both the palm and all fingers were visible. The fingers of the right hand, palm prints, and the thumb of the left hand were successfully matched against a ten-print card. The match provided the police with a positive identification of the missing person.     

Development of Latent Fingermarks from Rocks and Stones

Since the beginning of recorded history, stones have been used in the commission of crimes due to their widespread availability. Stones can be used as a lethal weapon that sometimes might be the only evidence in a serious case. The common perception, even in professional fingermark circles, is that stones do not yield identifiable latent fingermarks. The authors of this research paper examined the feasibility of developing fingermarks from seven types of stones using three latent fingermark techniques: magnetic powder, cyanoacrylate fuming, and ninhydrin. The paper will demonstrate that by classifying stones and rocks according to their natural properties (porosity, permeability, and the nature of surface area), even application of the simplest development techniques can produce good results. In conclusion, chert and limestone yielded the most qualitative and quantitative results using magnetic powder. The time factor is also important in recovering latent fingermarks on stones and rocks.     

生活安宁权保护的现实困境及解决思路

公民的生活安宁权是现代社会公民精神和物质的双重需求,但现实中,由于法律规定的不明确而往往得不到有效保护。我国民法典（草案）建议稿规定＂自然人的生活安宁受法律保护＂,但体例上仍将其作为隐私权的人格利益来对待。实际上,通过对生活安宁权的理论界定,生活安宁权应成为一项独立的具体人格权并在立法中加以明确规定。     

Demystifying "oxi" cocaine: Chemical profiling analysis of a "new Brazilian drug" from Acre State

Recent information from various sources suggests that a new illicit drug, called "oxi", is being spread across Brazil. It would be used in the smoked form and it would look like to crack cocaine: usually small yellowish or light brown stones. As fully released in the media, "oxi" would differ from crack cocaine in the sense that crack would contain carbonate or bicarbonate salts whereas "oxi" would include the addition of calcium oxide and kerosene (or gasoline). In this context, this work presents a chemical profiling comparative study between "oxi" street samples seized by the Civil Police of the State of Acre (CP/AC) and samples associated with both international and interstate drug trafficking seized by the Brazilian Federal Police in Acre (FP/AC). The outcome of this work assisted Brazilian authorities to stop inaccurate and alarmist releases on this issue. It may be of good use by the forensic community in order to better understand matters in their efforts to guide local law enforcement agencies in case such claims reach the international illicit market.     

Objections to medico-legal autopsy--recent developments in case law

Medico-legal autopsies can be directed by coroners. However, in a number of jurisdictions family members can lodge objections with coroners against such procedures taking place. The authors analyse the objections, successful and unsuccessful, taken in Australia. Reviewing recent Victorian developments, they emphasise the public interest in autopsies which reveal medical causes of death. They identify the ongoing importance of coroners being able to exercise their statutory function to undertake death investigations effectively and to make informed recommendations to reduce the incidence of avoidable deaths.     

出租房屋承租人优先购买权法律问题之探讨

出租房屋承租人的优先购买权 ,必须具备实质条件和形式条件才能行使。以一次性付款方式条件下的价格界定“同等条件” ,才能真正体现公平交易 ;承租人优先购买权的性质 ,是法律、行政法规创设的一项财产请求权 ,而非实质意义上的物权。承租人以行使优先购买权为名而提起的恶意之诉 ,不应得到人民法院的支持     

Tax Amnesties and the Self-Selection of Risk-Averse Taxpayers

In this paper we model taxpayers participation in an unexpected tax amnesty, which can be entered by paying a fixed amount. Taxpayers are characterized by a Constant Relative Risk Aversion (CRRA) utility function and differ in relative risk aversion coefficient and in income. We show that amnesties may fail as a self-selective device to fully separate big from small evaders and to extract resources from the former. Only taxpayers whose relative risk aversion falls within a given interval participate, while those whose evasion is too small or too large do not enter. The model is used to estimate relative risk aversion and tax evasion of participants in 1991 and 1994 Italian income tax amnesties.JEL Classification: H260, D890, K420     

Fatal Eurasian Brown Bear Attacks—Two Swedish Fatalities in Modern Times

Fatal bear attacks on humans are uncommon with only one reported case in Sweden since 1902. The bear population is, however, growing and the frequency of confrontations is likely to increase. Case I-A 40-year-old hunter and his dog were found dead near a bear's den. Autopsy showed that a large portion of the face, facial skeleton, and anterior portion of the brain was missing. Autopsy of the bear showed two nonfatal gunshot wounds. Case II-A 61-year-old man and his dog were found dead outside a hunting lodge. Autopsy revealed numerous wounds, including partial evisceration of the intestines. The victim's blood ethanol concentration was 0.27%. These cases confirm the presence of risk factors identified by the Scandinavian Brown Bear Research Project, that is, provocation by a dog, encountering an injured bear, and appearing close to its den. An additional possible factor in case II was ethanol intoxication.     

论房屋拆迁行政裁决诉讼案件中司法变更权的引入

近年来,法院受理的房屋拆迁类纠纷案件与日俱增,其中因不服行政裁决而提起的行政诉讼案件比重很大。此类案件名为行政诉讼,实为解决拆迁双方的民事纠纷。目前因司法判决类型不完整,导致法院、行政机关、相对人三方皆处于不利境地,故在房屋拆迁行政裁决诉讼案件中引入司法变更权势在必行。从国家权力配置、与国内行政处罚中司法变更权相通之处及对域外司法变更权考察的角度来看,在房屋拆迁行政裁决诉讼案件中引入司法变更权是可行的。基于其必要性和可行性,本文提出了引入司法变更权的特有原则、具体规则及对司法变更权应有的监督。     

南非关联船认定及其应对措施

关联船的认定方式有两种:直接证明式和间接证明式.对于直接证明式的举证,我们要向法院说明我国国有企业的独立法人地位,中国政府对国有企业只有行政管理,不存在商业意义上的控制.对于间接证明式的举证,要淡化索赔人所列举的确实存在的关联因素,驳斥其列举的不存在的关联因素.     

刑事附带民事案件精神损害赔偿问题研究

在刑事附带民事诉讼中被害人能否提起精神损害赔偿是近年来理论界争议较大的一个问题。采用比较与实证分析的方法,从我国的立法现状入手,结合我国的司法实践和国外相关立法,提出了在我国建立刑事案件精神损害赔偿制度的理论依据和现实意义,最后探讨了对刑事案件精神损害赔偿的主体范围的认识。     

礼貌原则在法庭审理用语中的体现

法庭审理既是司法机关行使司法权力的重要手段,同时也是上诉人行使诉权的重要阶段。整个法庭审理过程都基于语言形式,这就要求双方在特定的情景下掌握一定的语言策略和技巧。礼貌原则存在于不同的社会、文化和语言环境中。本文拟从语言学的角度出发,探讨礼貌原则如何在法庭审理中得到体现。     

Face of an Epoch : The Brezhnev Period Variously Assessed

Here in Moscow, in the quiet light of the table lamp, you open your soiled travel notebooks and the gray, limp page strikes your eye with a shaft of multicolored rays as if the brightest slide had been inserted in a projector: a steep mountain slope in screes of red stones; a "tanker" burns, giving off smoke; greasy, sooty clouds drift toward the village; the driver in a Panama hat, having fallen down the smoking slope, breaks pale, dotted trails through the fire. The column, which makes the road shake, rolls down toward the gorge; gun barrels jerk and roar on the open flatcar.