新三嗪化合物纳川珠利的小鼠亚急性毒性试验

为评价新三嗪类抗球虫药物纳川珠利的安全性,选用100只昆明小鼠,连续30d分别灌服4.8、19.2、76.8mg/kg的药物,以纯水和空白溶剂为对照,通过临床观察、血液学分析、血液生化检测、脏器系数和病理学检查,系统地评估了该化合物对小鼠的亚急性毒性作用。结果显示,试验期间无小鼠死亡,在开始用药1周内,高剂量组小鼠有轻微临床毒性症状,2周后症状消失。试验过程中各组小鼠增重差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),长期高剂量给药后小鼠心和肝的脏器系数明显改变(P<0.05),血液红细胞、碱性磷酸酶、肌酐明显增高和葡萄糖、胆固醇、尿酸显著降低(P<0.05),高剂量组肝、肾小部分发生轻微水样变性、点状坏死等病理改变,停药15d后,碱性磷酸酶和尿酸水平与对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。提示纳川珠利长期大剂量使用可能存在肝、肾等轻微损伤的风险,但损伤是可逆的,停药后短期可逐渐恢复,临床使用相对安全。     

发展和规范社会组织——以广东省为例

2000年以来,广东省社会组织发展迅速,社会作用不断增强,逐步成为促进经济社会发展的一支重要力量,但仍处于初级发展阶段,在思想观念、体制机制、配套政策、法制建设以及人员素质等方面还存在许多亟待解决的问题。本文通过深入调研,全面回顾了近年来广东省社会组织发展情况,客观分析了其存在问题,在此基础上对发展和规范广东省社会组织的目标模式进行了探索。     

司法创制对欧洲一体化的推动

欧洲一体化是自上个世纪50年代以来在欧洲展开的一个历史进程。这个进程显然不仅影响到欧洲,而且影响到整个世界。它已经成为当今世界许多国家在诸多领域展开对话、避免冲突、实现合作和寻求共同利益的一种普遍性模式。那么欧洲何以能够做到这点?从历史发展来看,欧洲之所以能够实现所谓的一体化,其主要途径之一是欧洲共同体或欧盟内部的一种司法制度安排,即欧洲法院的设置及其发挥的不可或缺的作用。事实上,欧洲共同体或欧盟长期以来正是通过一种司法创制解决了许许多多的问题,克服了这样那样的困难,从而将欧洲一体化不断地推向前进。并在此过程中逐步建立起一个欧洲的法律秩序,以至于这个法律秩序及在此秩序下生成的法律制度已经成为世界法律秩序中的一个重要组成部分。在此意义上可以说,没有欧洲法院就没有现在的欧盟,就不可能有如今某种程度上已然成为现实的欧洲一体化。所以,了解欧盟不能不了解欧洲法院,了解欧洲一体化不能不了解欧洲法院的司法创制。     

Mandatory Arbitration and Civil Litigation: An Empirical Study of Medical Malpractice Litigation in the West

This article looks at the effect that pretrial, statutorilyrequired screening panels in Nevada have had on medical malpracticelitigation. I use two unique data sets on litigation in Nevadaand neighboring states from 1983–88, during which theNevada legislature enacted screening panels. Applying time-seriesand difference-in-difference analyses, I show that observeddecreases in Nevada with respect to damage awards, attorney'sfees, and duration in litigation reflected a broader seculartrend. The panels did, however, reduce the relative probabilityof claims requiring resolution by the Nevada courts.     

关于“公平”归责原则的思考

<正> 近年来,我国民商法的理论研究发展很快,其中侵权行为法尤为突出。在侵权行为法当中,归责原则或归责标准是一个核心问题;所以,凡论侵权行为法,必然要涉及于此。目前,学界对此的观点主要有三种:过错责任的一元制原则;过错和无过错责任并存的二元制原则;过错、推定过错(或严格责任、无过错责任等)及公平责任的三元制原则。三家之言各持其据,长期莫衷一是。作为二元归责原则的主张者,笔者认为三元制归责原则中的公平原则是不能成立的;实质上,它是一种“公平负担”或“衡平责任”的错误表述。     

The Uniform Status of Children of Assisted Conception Act: does it protect the best interests of the child in a surrogate arrangement?

Medical technology is easing the plight of many infertile couples by offering such reproductive alternatives as in vitro fertilization, artificial insemination and surrogacy. In response to the changes in our society's definition of family, wrought by scientific advances, the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform States Laws promulgated the Uniform Status of Children of Assisted Conception Act. The purpose of this Act is to protect the interests of children born through extraordinary medical procedures. This Note analyzes the Act's provisions regarding surrogacy and focuses on how the Commission's regulatory scheme fails to protect the child's interests. The Act's alternative of voiding the surrogacy contract also does not protect the child's interests. A more complete regulatory scheme which protects the adult parties' interests, as well as the child's, should be devised, as the adequacy of the adult parties' protection ultimately affects the child's well-being.     

中日文化在自他动词教学中的应用问题研究

日语自他动词是日语语法中的一个难点,主要表现在汉语的两用动词和日语的对应自他动词的使用方法上。在表示"动作—结果"这一意义时,汉语通过两用动词与其宾语的顺序来表示;而日语却要使用两个具有对立概念的对应自他动词来表示。两者既有对应关系,又极为相似,因此使用时常常出现误用现象。通过从中日两国的文化差异、语言习惯及文化心理方面对其进行探析,发现两者不同的使用倾向及日语对应自他动词使用的特点。     

Social context of crime control: a time-series analysis of the Korean case, 1973–2002

Regardless of recent attempts to explain crime control in relation to its social structural conditions, few studies have assessed the economic, organizational, and political context of crime control simultaneously. This study integrated these three contexts into a single project to test the relevance of social structural explanations on major crime control practices over the past three decades in South Korea. By using a variety of official statistics, time-series regressions were used. The level of crime consistently explained most variation in the arrest rates for all four categories of crimes. Prosecutions also seemed to be closely responsive to the level of crime. However, the link between crime and incarceration rates was not found for all categories of crimes. This finding indicates that levels of incarceration could be determined by external factors such as the economic conditions, organizational capacity, and political climates. In addition, economic conditions, which were measured by the unemployment rate, appeared to have a strong relationship to all crime control practices; it was positively and statistically significant for arrest, prosecution and incarceration rates. Political repression was inversely related to all three practices. However, organizational capacity only seemed to affect incarceration rates. Failure or inconsistencies of some of the social contexts in explaining crime control practice in South Korea can be assessed in both methodological and substantive grounds. This underscores the need to develop more solid theoretical arguments and empirical measures for their roles in crime control.     

警察伦理价值取向的两个维度

警察伦理价值取向有两个基本的维度,即警察内在的美德与外在的善行。前者着眼于德性的提升和品质的超越,后者着力于行为的规范和规则的遵行。警察伦理建设需要在以上两个层面上努力追求与提升。