Heteroplasmies detected in an amplified mitochondrial DNA control region from a small amount of template

When mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmies are detected, they often confound forensic identification, especially if they are the result of poor biological sampling. In this study, we determined the ratio of heteroplasmy in samples that were amplified from a very small amount of template mtDNA or a few cells using a highly sensitive nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure and a direct sequencing analysis. As a result, more than half of the detected sequences (i.e., 17/20, 15/20, and 14/20) showed homoplasmy derived from a variation in the heteroplasmy proportion when only 10 copies of template mtDNA samples were amplified and analyzed. Additionally, with products amplified from one or several white blood cells (WBCs), several previously undetected heteroplasmies were detected. These results indicate the risks associated with using highly sensitive mtDNA techniques in forensic investigations because of the variable proportions of heteroplasmy or nucleotide substitutions that can possibly be detected from a very small biological sample.     

刑法中的消极义务与积极义务：对刑法管辖权根据的思考

将犯罪视为法益侵害的一般理论对社会规范结构的理解过于肤浅,这种理论既无法把握积极履行的义务,又无法为刑法区分作为与不作为的义务提供根据,而且在价值上也毫无意义。作为一种保证人义务,每个人的组织领域必须保证交往的安全,因此保证人地位的预设不仅是不作为,而且还是作为。消极义务是每个人的义务,它可以通过作为来实现,也可以通过不作为来违反,这与义务人组织自己的组织领域有关。积极义务旨在用其他组织领域的成就来弥补另一个组织领域的不足,尽管该义务只影响负有特殊义务的人;但由于其属于重要意义的协助义务,任何人都可能参与该义务的违反。在负有特殊义务的人非但没有协助受益人,甚至还干扰了受益人的组织领域的场合,违反积极义务可能与违反消极义务同时发生。     

Criminal recidivism in sexual homicide perpetrators

Forensic psychiatric reports on 166 sexual homicide perpetrators in Germany were retrospectively analyzed for criminal risk factors. Follow-up information about release and reconvictions from federal criminal records was available for 139 offenders; 90 (64.7%) had been released. The estimated recidivism rate (Kaplan-Meier analyses) for 20 years at risk was 23.1% for sexual and 18.3% for nonsexual violent reoffences. Three men (3.3%) were reconvicted for attempted or completed homicide. Only young age at the time of sexual homicide resulted in higher sexual recidivism, whereas increased nonsexual violent recidivism was related to previous sexual and nonsexual delinquency, psychopathic symptoms, and higher scores in risk assessment instruments. Increased recidivism with any violent reoffence was associated with age-related factors: young age at first sexual offence, at homicide, and at release and duration of detention. The impacts of the results for risk assessment, relapse prevention, and supervision are discussed.     

136例听神经瘤性别差异和左右发病情况的中西医结合分析

目的 对听神经瘤的性别差异和左右发病情况进行中西医结合分析。方法 回顾性分析2011年7月至2015年7月收治及手术治疗的听神经瘤患者的临床资料,对比研究男性与女性、男性左右侧、女性左右侧肿瘤性质等相关指标的差异,并基于中医学和西医学理论对听神经瘤发病规律进行分析。结果 男性与女性听神经瘤患者在住院时间、肿瘤大小、肿瘤囊变方面比较,男性左侧与右侧听神经瘤患者在肿瘤囊变、术后感染脑膜炎、术后耳鸣缓解方面比较,以及女性左侧与右侧听神经瘤患者在年龄、住院时间、肿瘤大小、肿瘤囊变、肿瘤全切、术后脑脊液漏、术后面神经完整解剖保留方面比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 男左侧女右侧听神经瘤性质较良好,这与人体中男女、左右的阴阳气血升降差异有关。     

中国对外贸易对拉美国家的影响:是祸还是福?

中国贸易竞争的短期成本我们认为,尽管从长远看,中国将在与其他新兴市场国家的贸易中获益。但是,由于中国同它们在发达国家市场上的竞争,在短期内中国可能要承担某种成本。就拉美国家而言,现有资料表明,墨西哥就是这类短期成本的一个范例。①我们采用两个贸易竞争指标对中国贸易竞争的短期成本进行评估。其做法是,在特定时间段内,对中国的出口结构同其他新兴市场国家的出口结构进行比较。如果两个国家的贸易结构十分相似,则它们之间极有可能在类似美国这样的第三国市场上进行竞争,它是拉美国家主要的出口目的地。这两个指标是依据联合国贸发…     

从红色威胁到激进民众主义——拉丁美洲对美国的非安全因素

*2004年11月,美国总统乔治.W.布什在阿根廷参加第4届美洲国家首脑会议期间,受到了来自民众的强烈抗议。这是自1958年时任美国副总统的理查德.M.尼克松在委内瑞拉被愤怒的民众投掷石块以来,美国政府高级官员在拉丁美洲受到的最差的待遇了。在委内瑞拉总统乌戈.查韦斯和玻利维亚总统候选人埃沃.莫拉莱斯的鼓舞和煽动下,数万名民众举行集会,谴责美帝国主义和已遭搁浅的美洲自由贸易区计划。布什会受到强烈抗议,事先并非毫无征兆。在他出访前夕进行的民意调查显示,53%的南美洲人和87%的拉美“意见领袖”(Opinion Leaders)对美国总统表示反感,…     

战疫情党徽闪耀 守国门党旗飘扬

杭州出入境边防检查站特勤党员突击队队员用行动书写荣耀,用行动喊出心中的壮志豪言。新冠肺炎疫情蔓延,杭州口岸于2020年1月24日迎来首架载运大批量重点疫区旅客回国的国际航班。面对突发情况和严峻形势,杭州出入境边防检查站党委充分研究、果断决策,迅速抽调集结骨干力量,由4名执勤队队长和8名检查员组成特勤党员突击队,专职负责存在新冠肺炎感染可能的旅客的入境边防检查任务。     

CAREFUL COMMITMENT

New avenues to be explored for Belt and Road cooperation At the beginning of 2021,the situation looks better in China and the rest of the world.China is striving to maintain its success in eliminating COVID-19 cases domestically and fostering immunity for its 1.4-billion population.The more the vaccination process gains ground,the more it is likely that lives will return to normalcy.