Comparison of Rehydration Techniques for Fingerprinting the Deceased after Mummification

Postmortem decay causes fingertip decomposition, desiccation, shriveling, and rigidity, reducing the possibility of obtaining sufficiently clear fingerprints for identification. In this study, five rehydration solutions (ammonium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, urea, and warm water) followed by three fingerprint recording methods (photograph, inking roll, and dusting tape) were investigated to process mummified fingertips from an unidentified cadaver. The results show that sodium carbonate treatment is the most effective for minutiae restoration, followed by ammonium hydroxide treatment. This study also demonstrates that even those fingertips that previously failed in urea solution, 1% potassium hydroxide solution, and warm water treatment could be further improved with sodium carbonate solution to obtain qualified minutiae for fingerprint matching. The optimal procedure is rehydrating the desiccated fingertips with sodium carbonate solution for 24 h followed by dusting the finger and transferring the print to adhesive tape.     

Quantitative Determination of Cannabinoids in Cannabis and Cannabis Products Using Ultra‐High‐Performance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Diode Array/Mass Spectrometric Detection

Ultra‐high‐performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC ) is an efficient analytical technique and has not been fully employed for the analysis of cannabis. Here, a novel method was developed for the analysis of 30 cannabis plant extracts and preparations using UHPSFC /PDA ‐MS . Nine of the most abundant cannabinoids, viz . CBD , ?⁸‐THC , THCV , ?⁹‐THC , CBN , CBG , THCA ‐A, CBDA , and CBGA , were quantitatively determined (RSD s < 6.9%). Unlike GC methods, no derivatization or decarboxylation was required prior to UHPSFC analysis. The UHPSFC chromatographic separation of cannabinoids displayed an inverse elution order compared to UHPLC . Combining with PDA ‐MS , this orthogonality is valuable for discrimination of cannabinoids in complex matrices. The developed method was validated, and the quantification results were compared with a standard UHPLC method. The RSD s of these two methods were within ±13.0%. Finally, chemometric analysis including principal component analysis (PCA ) and partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS ‐DA ) were used to differentiate between cannabis samples.     

China's stance on the Google/Motorola merger: Implications for competition in intellectual property-intensive sectors

China's merger enforcement agency approved the Google/Motorola merger with conditions. This pattern of approval is not in full accordance with that in other jurisdictions, including the United States and the European Union, which made unconditional approvals. This contradiction attracted ample criticism; some critics believe that China's policy is designed to protect domestic industry. In investigating the Chinese merger agency's decision and the basis for its decision making, this article finds that much of the criticism is groundless and misleading because the critics have failed to incorporate all elements of the global value chain of mobile intelligent terminals into their analyses. The investigation also shows that, although the decision makers are less experienced, their decisions are based on Chinese competition law and market realities. It is important for international firms to be aware of this pattern in merger analysis.     

When should a firm collaborate with research organizations for innovation performance? The moderating role of innovation orientation,size, and age

Little is known about the conditions strengthening or weakening the impact of a firm’s collaboration with research organizations on innovation performance. Thus, this study uses a sample of 542 manufacturing firms in Korea to examine how innovation orientation and firm size and age as internal characteristics influence the relationship between collaboration with research organizations and innovation performance. The results show that collaboration with research organizations has a positive impact on innovation performance. More importantly, this effect is stronger (weaker) for firms with a strong orientation toward exploration (exploitation). In addition, older or larger firms obtain greater benefits from collaboration with research organizations. This study contributes toward clarifying a firm’s collaboration with research organizations.     

视盘RNFL厚度改变与视野缺损的关系

目的探讨视网膜神经纤维层厚度与视野的关系及其在司法鉴定中的应用。方法采用GDx VCC和Octopus自动视野计对外伤视神经病变52例进行检查。按照视野有效值分组(组1-重伤组,组2-轻伤组,组3-轻微伤及以下组),统计其平均RNFL厚度,对各组的RNFL厚度进行方差分析;同时对平均RNFL厚度与视野指数(MD、MS、sLV)、视野有效值进行相关性及回归分析。结果组1的RNFL平均值36.300±8.456 95μm,组2的RNFL平均值53.647 4±15.453 06μm,组3的RNFL平均值60.903 6±9.535 14μm。通过方差分析,组1~3各组间差异显著,各组两两相比较差异显著。平均RNFL厚度与视野有效值、MS呈正相关(r=0.543、0.400,P0.05),平均RNFL厚度与MD、sLV呈负相关(r=-0.450、-0.440,P0.05)。平均RNFL厚度与视野有效值、MD、MS、sLV的直线回归方程分别为Y=0.967X+19.508、Y=0.095X-10.858、Y=0.175X+9.187、Y=-0.205X+20.215;二次项方程分别为Y=-0.037X~2+5.208X-93.795、Y=0.010X~2-1.325X+50.111、Y=-0.008X~2+1.103X-15.606、Y=0.004X~2-0.520X+22.232。结论 RNFL厚度检测具有客观评定视野的法医学价值,有望成为评估视野的一种客观、形态学新方法。     

《损伤程度》与《致残分级》关于脊柱四肢评定条款的比较

本文对《人体损伤程度鉴定标准》和《人体损伤致残程度分级》有关脊柱四肢评定方面的条款进行比较研究。从结构破坏、功能障碍、结构破坏合并功能障碍等方面分析两者的异同,为损伤程度和致残程度评定提供借鉴。     

基于Ion Torrent PGM~(TM)测序系统的人mtDNA全测序分析

目的应用Ion Torrent PGM~(TM)测序系统对人线粒体DNA(mitochondria DNA,mtDNA)全序列进行分析检测,研究不同组织间mt DNA序列差异情况。方法通过法医尸体检验采集6名无关个体的组织样本,包括胸腔血液、头发、肋软骨、指甲、骨骼肌和口腔上皮。使用4对引物对线粒体全序列进行扩增,应用Ion Shear~(TM)Plus Reagents试剂盒和Ion Plus Fragment Library试剂盒等构建文库,并在Ion Torrent PGM~(TM)测序系统上进行线粒体基因组全序列测序,并针对异质性位点和在HVⅠ区域突变位点,进行Sanger测序验证。结果所有样本的全基因组mtDNA都扩增成功,6名无关个体分属于6种不同的单倍型,同一个体不同组织之间mtDNA存在异质性差异。异质性位点和HVⅠ区域突变位点采用Sanger测序结果均得到验证。通过Kappa统计方法进行一致性检验后发现,相同个体不同组织的mtDNA序列检验结果仍具有较好的一致性。结论本研究所采用的人线粒体基因组全序列的测序检验方法,可以检测出同一个体不同组织间mtDNA的异质性差异,该差异具有较高的一致性,该结果对mtDNA在法庭科学中的应用具有指导作用。     

论民法总则制定后环境权在民法典中的建构——从作为请求权的新型基础权利出发

传统民法权利体系虽对环境权进行了部分吸纳,但二者却并不完全兼容,实质上更多地对环境权表现出排斥的情况,故将环境权在民法典中进行明确显得尤为必要.正确厘清民法上环境权是解决环境权融入民法典的关键,鉴于请求权在民法权利体系中居于枢纽的地位,应紧密结合环境权中的私法要素,以环境权作为民法上请求权的基础权利,对环境权请求权体系,即在民法典中明确环境权的内容、环境权作为基础权利的请求权内容、侵权损害赔偿请求权以及恢复原状、环境修复请求权等方面进行合理构建,力求让环境权合乎逻辑、恰如其分地融入到民法典中.     

“政府法治论”的时代价值

在我国行政法学中具有重大影响的“政府法治论”通过不断地修正和发展,其所涵盖的五个方面与当下我国正在努力建设的法治政府之间具有高度的契合性.这一理论对法治政府建设的指导作用主要表现在明晰法治政府内涵的方向指引、立法规制与行政自制相结合的路径选择、行政程序与救济程序顺畅衔接的程序保障三个方面.     

阿维菌素在急性中毒死家兔体内的再分布研究

目的考察阿维菌素在急性中毒死家兔体内的再分布。方法按最小致死量一次性灌胃250mg/kg阿维菌素,HPLC法检测家兔死后0h、24h、48h和72h中阿维菌素的含量。结果给家兔一次性灌胃250mg/kg阿维菌素的临床死亡时间为120.6±9.2min(±s,n=10);测定了阿维菌素的致死血浓度和致死组织浓度;家兔死后0h~72h心血和各主要脏器组织中阿维菌素含量存在体内再分布现象;确定肝、肾、肺为最佳组织检材。结论阿维菌素在急性中毒死家兔体内的再分布数据,对法医办理此类案件具有重要参考价值。