小事闹大与大事化小:解读一份清代民事调解的法庭记录

本文以乾隆三十一年山东邹县的一起民事调解案件的法庭笔录为分析对象 ,仔细解读其中蕴涵的 ,同时也是被中外法律史学者广泛争论的若干清代司法实践问题 :一是帝国官僚的诉讼态度与小民百姓的诉讼策略 ;二是帝国衙门的纠纷解决手段 ;三是解决纠纷 (裁判 )的依据 ;四是清代法律的表达与实践。此外 ,本文不仅“深描”这份法庭笔录 ,而且把它置于广阔的帝制中国的政治结构、社会经济、日常生活、司法体制、诉讼理想和现实的语境当中进行考察。与此同时 ,受到“复调”理论的启发 ,本文在叙述风格上也作了一些尝试 ,以期通过这一文体的尝试彰显传统中国司法运作的复杂意蕴。     

法院调解热成因浅析

我国法院调解热现象,是由法院调解的内在价值和外部因素共同作用的结果。法院调解制度在我国具有深刻的精神基础、制度基础和普通民众的心理基础,从而使它在解决纠纷机制中占据重要的位置。     

论民事立案调解机制

立案调解制度是为构建社会主义和谐社会,探索并实施的一项重要司法制度,在我国审判制度中有着极其重要的作用。加强立案调解,促进诉讼调解与社会矛盾纠纷的大调解机制相结合,对于和谐社会建设和保持社会稳定具有非常重要的意义。和谐司法只有起点,没有终点。目前民事调解制度的运行现状并不乐观,在今后的工作中,我们要继续完善立案调解的法律法规,加强对立案调解工作的重视,建立立案调解的激励机制,并且创新立案庭机构模式,进一步深化立案调解认识,主动站位,能动调解,深入推进大调解工作,为和谐社会构建做出积极贡献。     

公安机关对轻微刑事案件的处理机制探析

轻微刑事案件由于其所特有的社会危害性较小、可调解及和解性,在侦查阶段便可通过协商机制予以解决,不必进入公诉司法程序,而在已经进入公诉程序的案件中亦可以通过恢复性处理机制对案件嫌疑人进行惩改。公安机关在侦查阶段对轻微刑事案件进行调解具有现实必要性及价值,同时也存在相关问题,需要完善侦查阶段调解的路径,形成处理此类案件的常态化机制。     

Mediation and Culture: The Example of the ICC International Commercial Mediation Competition

The International Commercial Mediation Competition is organized by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) in Paris, which held the event for the eighth time in February 2013. As the competition has grown, participation has become more and more diverse and thus mediation and negotiation have become more and more cross‐cultural. This led the ICC to invite external research on culture at the competition in February 2011. In this article, I discuss this student competition, the external research project question, and the culture of the competition. I also identify some of the further cultural issues raised by referring to relevant research on conflict and mediation across cultures, and conclude with some thoughts on how better to conceptualize the field of cross‐cultural mediation in terms of a systems approach.     

“枫桥经验”的解纷功能简论

"枫桥经验"历经五十年的发展,成为一种基层纠纷预防和解决的有效模式。"枫桥经验"通过网格化的组织建设,细致的档案管理,丰富的宣传教育,以及主动的纠纷预防和解决工作,形成了以"党政带头,群众参与"和"预防教化,情理调解"为特点的工作模式。多年的实践证明,"枫桥经验"这种"政府-公民"的互动模式取得了很好的社会效果。完善并推广"枫桥经验",也是解决适用地区基层纠纷的有益尝试。     

人民调解的关系/事件和行动策略分析

人民调解是个复杂的构成体,它表面上是对个别纠纷的解决,实质上是对社会关系的一次重新梳理。每个纠纷的解决都不是我们表面上所看上去的那么简单,有众多因素在背后影响着人民调解的进行。我们重点从关系/事件的分析角度入手,找出其背后的影响因素和行动策略,进而为人民调解的发展提供一定的建议。     

The Impact of Gender and Department Climate on Job Satisfaction and Intentions to Quit for Faculty in Science and Engineering Fields

This study investigates whether gender and the perceptions of department climate affects faculty job satisfaction and intentions to quit (work outcomes) with surveys responses from 308 faculty members in science and engineering fields. The study finds that both gender and department climate are related to work outcomes and that two facets of department climate (affective and instrumental) mediate the relationship between gender and both job satisfaction and intention to quit. This finding suggests that universities can benefit from improving department climate, which then may improve the retention of both male and female faculty, but may have an even greater impact on improving job satisfaction and reducing intentions to quit of female faculty.     

DIVORCE MEDIATION: Research and Reflections

Mediation and other forms of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) grew rapidly in the last few decades as a result of high divorce rates, frequent conflicts between parting parents, the resulting administrative burden on courts, and especially concerns about damaging effects on children and postdivorce family relationships. This article focuses on our longitudinal research involving randomized trials of mediation and adversary settlement to support the conclusions that mediation can: (1) settle a large percentage of cases otherwise headed for court; (2) possibly speed settlement, save money, and increase compliance with agreements; (3) clearly increase party satisfaction; and (4) most importantly, lead to remarkably improved relationships between nonresidential parents and children, as well as between divorced parents—even twelve years after dispute settlement. The key "active ingredients" of mediation are likely to include: (1) the call for parental cooperation over the long run of co-parenting beyond the crisis of separation, (2) the opportunity to address underlying emotional issues (albeit briefly), (3) helping parents to establish a businesslike relationship, and (4) the avoidance of divisive negotiations at a critical time for family relationships. We call for more research on mediation and other forms of ADR, as well as a renewal of the excitement and optimism of the "first generation" of mediators, qualities that are "active ingredients" in any successful social or psychological intervention.     

MEDIATING JUDICIAL POLICY

Despite the widespread use of mediation to resolve public policy disputes, there is little written on the mediation of judicial rule disputes. A successful mediation of a dispute over proposed court rules to govern mediation of certain family law cases involving domestic violence concerns is reviewed. The authors conclude that the mediation provided (a) a confidential venue for disputing judges to respectfully disagree with one another, (b) an opportunity for collaborative problem solving, (c) an opportunity to reduce conflict among judicial colleagues. (d) a format for dialogue with other stakeholders, and (e) greater degree of influence with regard to the outcome of the dispute. Specific recommendations to encourage the effective use of judicial policy mediation are offered.