劳资文化与企业文化

劳资文化和企业文化都是我国市场经济中文化建设的重大课题和有机组成部分,它们之间具有相通性和互补性,又有社会层面和功能上的差异性。在理论和实践中,只有正确地把握其间的相互关系,才能更科学地推进这两大文化工程,更好地实现二者的良性互动。     

明代云南文化教育发展的地域差异——兼论各类学校与人才数量的相关关系

明代 ,在中央政府的大力推动下 ,云南的学校教育有了相当的普及与发展 ,从而使文化的发展水平不断提高。同时 ,由于各地区经济发展的不平衡及其受汉文化影响时间的长短差别 ,学校分布和文化发展程度表现出很大的区域差异。从举人、儒学、社学、书院等项指标进行计算与分析比较中 ,可以全面、细致地反映明代云南文化教育发展水平的地域差异     

论我国个人破产法律制度的构建

我国目前正在着手修改的《合伙企业法》,拟增加关于“有限合伙”的内容。在有限合伙相应的破产环节上各国一般均通过个人破产制度予以调整和化解。加之我国家庭整体负债率高,居民个人消费和社会的整体经济形式存在失衡,个人破产立法势在必行。目前我国消费信用体系正在建设之中且已初具规模,中国实施个人破产已初步具备条件。但是个人破产是一把双刃剑,应当设置较高的申请破产的门槛和合理的财产扣押范围,建立符合中国实际的债务清偿计划制度和破产免责制度,并实行人格破产和限制消费制度,同时应避免金融机构为获取贷款利润滥发信用卡,鼓动消费者过分超前消费。     

STRAINED LIVES AND CRIME: EXAMINING INTRA‐INDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN STRAIN AND OFFENDING IN A SAMPLE OF INCARCERATED WOMEN*

When applied to the study of changes in an individual's offending, general strain theory posits that individuals will be more likely to offend during periods of high strain. Using 36 months of retrospective data collected from female inmates, we explore the relationship between intra‐individual changes in strain and changes in offending and drug use. We also examine how different dimensions of strain‐recent composite strain, duration, clustering and accumulation, contribute to the explanation of offending. We find that changes in strain are associated with changes in violence, drug use, and property crime and that these relationships remain after the addition of control variables. Moreover, the strain‐crime relationship holds when the correct causal order is specified. When modeling offending, taking various dimensions of strain into account does increase the amount of variation explained for some outcomes, but other dimensions are highly correlated. We conclude that conceptualizing the interaction between strain and crime as a dynamic process is constructive and that general strain theory will be improved if criminologists move beyond static conceptions of strain.     

Gender Differences in Delinquency and Situational Action Theory: A Partial Test

This paper investigates to what extent a recent perspective in criminology, Situational Action Theory, is valid for both males and females and to what extent elements from the theory explain gender differences in delinquency. Data are used from the first (N?=?843) and second (N?=?616) wave of the Study of Peers, Activities, and Neighborhoods, which included detailed data about core elements of Situational Action Theory (morality, self-control, unsupervised peer activity and peer deviancy), proposed indirect causes (bonds with parents and school, parental monitoring) and self-reported delinquency. Cross-sectional and lagged Tobit regression analyses show that the core relations with delinquency are not significantly different between boys and girls and that the elements of Situational Action Theory are able to explain gender differences in delinquency for a substantial part. However, there is still a remaining independent effect of gender on current and lagged delinquency.     

不同来源一氧化碳中毒死亡者血液中COHb含量分析

目的探索一氧化碳中毒存在的个体差异性,分析女性可能存在的抵御一氧化碳中毒的机制。方法收集207例不同来源的一氧化碳中毒死亡者血液,测量COHb含量,将案例按照不同的因素分类进行统计学分析。结果不同一氧化碳的来源对于死者的COHb浓度影响显著,而性别对于COHb浓度影响不显著,少年儿童和老年人有可能对COHb的抵御能力差于成年人。     

Confinement as a two‐stage turning point: Do changes in identity or social structure predict subsequent changes in criminal activity?*

Scholars frequently characterize incarceration as a possible turning point in criminal activity. This implies a two‐stage process: 1) change in life‐course mechanisms around confinement and reentry result in 2) subsequent change in criminal activity relative to preconfinement. Following this model, we examine change in criminal activity, criminal identity, and social/structural challenges using data from the Prison Project, a cohort of adult males with short‐term confinement in the Netherlands in 2010–2011. Results of a novel test for within‐individual change in arrests from preconfinement to post‐reentry show that most individuals are stable—yet there is a substantial group who go down meaningfully and a much smaller group who go up. Even though changes in criminal identity from the intervening period do not predict these change groups, increases in social/structural challenges predict those who go up in criminal activity. We build from prior work on desistance and reentry, contrasting our findings and highlighting the unique insight gained from, as well as challenges of, measuring individual change within our two‐stage turning point model. Although life‐course mechanisms often correspond with changes in criminal activity concurrently, identifying individual changes that are predictors of subsequent shifts in criminal offending remains elusive.     

个人独特性与法律普遍性之调适

现代法律通过立法上的抽象化、典型化、身份化、角色化等技术确立了普遍性。但是，个人的独特性与法律的普遍性之间存在的冲突也昭然若揭：强调行为而忽略人的存在；注重平等而无视人的差异；突出客观而不考虑主观问题。这些都使得法律规则与真实的个人之间无法协调。为解决这一问题，法律应当保障个人私域空间的合理存在，保障个性自由；确定法律上的特殊弱者，为少数人提供特殊的法律保护；法律运作层面上，通过个别化的方式，根据人的独特性设定不同的法律规则和作出不同的法律裁决。     

中国社会变迁中的个体安全分析

我国社会变迁的主要特征是:农业向工业、工业向后工业的转变同时进行;计划经济向市场经济转轨;政治、经济、文化各社会构成要素分离和社会阶层分化。社会变迁以巨大的力量和规模改变了个体的命运和社会化轨迹,加深了人们对于安全的渴望,安全需求意识增强,安全需求主体多元化和安全需求内容扩展。经济贫困、生态环境恶化、犯罪问题严重、安全事故频发以及个人信息泄露等,是我国社会变迁过程中个体安全面临的主要风险与威胁。日益增长的个体安全需求为保安业的发展提供了动力,在政府提供的安全保障条件的基础上,可求助于非政府机构提供的各种安全服务。     

社会主义共同富裕的历史考察及其启示

实现共同富裕是社会主义的一贯追求。在追求共同富裕的过程中,形成了丰富的共同富裕思想,积累了丰富的实践经验。考察这一过程,对于正确认识当前我国的贫富差距,实现社会主义共同富裕,具有重要的启示意义。