军队保卫部门与地方公安机关侦查权之比较

军队保卫部门与地方公安机关在办理刑事案件中行使侦查权，在基本法律依据、目的、内容和原则上基本相同．但在具体依据、行使主体、行使对象、具体内容、管辖权分工以及平战区分方面都有明显的差异。为切实保障侦查权的行使。不仅驻内地的军队保卫部门与地方公安机关在明确各自分工的基础上，要加强对互涉案件的密切协作，而且驻港澳特区的军队保卫部门与特区执法部门在行使刑事案件侦查权时也要完善协作机制。     

论刑罚目的及其对我国刑事政策的影响

刑罚目的是刑罚论的核心问题,它对一国刑事政策的制定具有重要的指导意义。在刑罚目的问题上,长期以来有三种学说:报应目的论、预防目的论和报应与预防一体论;但是,科学的刑罚目的论应该是“统一说”,即“坚持一个中心兼顾两个基本点”。刑罚的目的应坚持以间接一般预防为中心,兼顾报应与特殊预防的要求,在间接一般预防的基础上实现报应与特殊预防的有机统一。“统一说”为我国刑事政策的调整提供了理论依据。     

法律渊源：正当理由的来源

法律渊源不是法律本身，而是独立于法律之外的本体。法源之法包括立法者之法和执法者之法，立法者之法是一般规范，执法者之法是针对个案的个别规范。法律渊源既指一般规范的来源，又指个别规范的来源。无论是一般规范的来源，还是个别规范的来源，其实质蕴意是正当理由的来源。     

个人所得税自行申报制度评析

本文结合个人所得税自行申报制度在我国的实践,对纳税申报过程中存在的问题进行了分析。针对纳税申报现状,提出了统一个人所得的财务制度、完善纳税申报表、健全纳税申报服务法律体系等推进纳税申报制度的措施。     

Addressing Gaps in the Maturity of Judgment Literature: Age Differences and Delinquency

Over the past decade, a majority of states have legislated to expand their capacity to try adolescents as adults [Griffin (2003). Trying and sentencing juveniles as adults: An analysis of state transfer and blended sentencing laws. Pittsburgh, PA: National Center for Juvenile Justice]. In response, researchers have investigated factors that may affect adolescent culpability [Steinberg and Scott (Am Psychol 58(12):1009–1018, 2003)]. Research on immature judgment posits that psychosocial influences on adolescent decision processes results in reduced criminal responsibility [Cauffman and Steinberg (Behav Sci Law 18(6):741–760, 2000); Scott, Reppucci, and Woolard (Law Hum Behav 19(3):221–244, 1995); Steinberg and Cauffman (Law Hum Behav 20(3):249–272, 1996)]. The current study utilizes hypothetical vignettes and standardized measures of maturity of judgment (responsibility, temperance, and perspective) to examine gaps in previous maturity of judgment findings (Cauffman and Steinberg 2000). This work suggests that adolescents (ages 14–17) display less responsibility and perspective relative to college students (ages 18–21), young-adults (ages 22–27), and adults (ages 28–40). Further, this research finds no maturity of judgment differences between delinquent and non-delinquent youth, but does find significant maturity of judgment differences between high and low delinquency male youth. Finally, results show that maturity of judgment predicts self-reported delinquency beyond the contributions of age, gender, race, education level, SES, and antisocial decision making. Implications for the juvenile justice system are discussed. This research was conducted in partial fulfillment of the M.A degree in Psychology from the University of New Hampshire.     

Gender Differences in the Connections Between Violence Experienced as a Child and Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence in Young Adulthood

This paper uses longitudinal and nationally representative survey data to investigate the direct relationship between three forms of child maltreatment (neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse), and future intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration in the USA. We further examine the indirect effect that child maltreatment has on future IPV perpetration through the presence of youth violence perpetration, and the roles of socioeconomic factors on committing youth violence and IPV. Analyses indicate that gender differences exist for the developmental relationship between child maltreatment and young adult IPV perpetration, and the effects of socioeconomic factors on youth violence and IPV perpetration. For males, the direct effects of being neglected/physically abused as a child on IPV perpetration are not significant. However, the indirect effects of being neglected/physically abused on IPV perpetration through the presence of youth violence perpetration are significant. For females, the direct effects of being neglected/physically abused on IPV perpetration are significant. The indirect effect of being neglected on IPV perpetration is significant, while the indirect effect of childhood physical abuse is not significant. Childhood sexual abuse is not significantly directly associated with IPV perpetration for females; however, for males, it is the strongest (i.e., largest effect size) direct predictor of IPV perpetration. The indirect effects of childhood sexual abuse on IPV perpetration are not significant for both females and males.

利益不是权利——从我国《宪法》第51条说起

利益不是权利而只是权利的要素之一,他人可能维护你的利益,但不能代替你享有权利。我国《宪法》第51条关于“利益”与“权利”的区分对宪法理论和宪政实践都有着极为重要的意义。公民权利不可能与国家的、社会的、集体的“权利”而只可能与其“利益”发生冲突,权利只存在于平行主体之间（如国家与国家之间、集体与集体之间、集体与集体外的个人之间、个人与个人之间）或非平行关系中的“弱势”一方（如国家与集体关系中的集体、集体与个人关系中的个人、国家与个人关系中的个人）。公民权利也并非都会对国家的、社会的、集体的“利益”构成威胁,有些权利不可能损害其利益,如信仰、思想、良心自由;与其利益冲突的主要是个人权利中具有明显利益成分的权利,如财产权、社会保障权等;国家的、社会的、集体的利益一般不能成为剥夺人身权（如生命权、健康权）的理由。国家的、社会的、集体的利益亦有别于“公共利益”。     

现代国际法的人本化发展趋势

Humanization is not only a new concept and value-oriented, but also an ever-increasing positive phenomena in international law. Contemporary international law has been contributing to the establishment and improvement of global peace and development order for the co-existence among States on the one hand, and making endeavors to the formation and maintenance of humanizing order, which is both “individual-oriented” and “humankind-oriented”. Such a humanizing phenomenon undoubtedly represents the advanced trend of international law, enriches its contents, updates some of its classic branches and impacts on the basic principle of reciprocity on which it is created and developed. However, the humanization of international law could not have taken shape without common accords among States by means of either treaties or customary rules; and without cooperation among States, the humanistic value of international law can never become true no matter how sublime it is. Zeng Lingliang, Ph.D, is presently a dean and professor in Faculty of Law of the University of Macau, a Cheung Kong awardee and Jean Monnet Chair of European Union Law in Wuhan University, and one of the first three individuals nominated by the Chinese government on the list of panelists in the WTO. Prof. Zeng has a lot of articles published on the WTO issues, EU law and international law, and his representative monographs, for instance, European Communities and Modern International Law (Wuhan University Press, 1992) and its revised edition European Union and Modern International Law (Zhiyi Press, 1994), Law of World Trade Organization (Wuhan University Press, 1996), International Law and China in the Early 21st Century (Wuhan University Press, 2005) and Essentials of EU Law—In the new perspective of the treaty on a Constitution for Europe (Wuhan University Press, 2007).     

有我无我之际:漫说法律与道德的语境差别

道德与法律存在着“有我”与“无我”的语境差别,二者不可随意混淆。历史上的经验和教训充分证明,如果忽视语境差别而将道德与法律混为一谈,便可能产生负面、消极的后果,甚至使道德与法律两败俱伤。道德话语若想实现向法律话语的转换,必须超越“有我之境”,即将特定的主体转换为一般主体,法律才能公平、公正,从而得到尊重和奉行。     

私人拍摄交通违章的证据法分析

私人拍摄交通违章能否作为司法机关认定案件事实的证据。我国法律并未明文规定。在实践中。部分省市出台政策。鼓励市民对违章车辆进行拍照并以拍摄的照片向公安机关举报。然而这些措施却带来诸多问题。私人拍摄交通违章照片能否作为证据使用受取证主体、证据的形式、证据的收集程序和提取方法等制约。私人拍摄交通违章照片对认定交通违章案件具有现实意义。