国家间网络安全竞争的特点

网络空间的内涵和外延不断扩大,网络安全问题逐渐从技术层面向政治、经济、社会、军事等各个层面扩展。在数字时代,国家间网络安全竞争的焦点是科技竞争、数字经济规则的制定,以及网络安全能力的建设。从华为事件到委内瑞拉电网遭受网络攻击,再到脸书公司推出举世瞩目的Libra加密货币,既可以看到网络空间已经成为大国博弈的重要领域和工具,也可以感受到非国家行为体权力不断扩大对国家带来的冲击和挑战。展望未来,网络空间国际治理进程会与现实空间的权力博弈产生复杂的双向互动,其进程的走向将取决于技术与权力两种逻辑的互动结果。     

国家监察委员会的监察法规制定权限:三步确界与修法方略

全国人大常委会通过决定方式授予国家监察委员会监察法规制定权,形成了以人大立法权为核心且以行政立法权、监察立法权和军事立法权为补充的更优的“一元三系”立法分工体系,监察权也得到了极大丰富,进而有利于织密权力监督之网。当前的紧要任务在于明确界定监察法规制定权限,以在推进监察法律规范体系立体建设的同时保障监察法规制定权规范演进。利用“三维考察+三层掘进”的阐释模型耙梳可以发现,目前国家监察委员会既可以为执行监察法律、监察直接相关法和间接相关法的规定,单独或者联合其他国家机关进行执行性立法,也可以在遵守法律保留原则的前提下,就领导性管理事项进行创制性立法,还可以基于全国人大常委会的专门授权,就法律的相对保留事项和监督性管理事项进行授权性立法。接下来应当在《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于国家监察委员会制定监察法规的决定》的基础上对制定监察法规的立法权限、形式和备审等内容作进一步规范,以备我国《立法法》修改之需。     

Does Power Corrupt? An Empirical Study of Power,Accountability, and Performance Triangle in Public Administration

Foundational work in public administration has considered the relationship between administrative power, accountability, and performance in public organizations. Even with the vast literature addressing power, accountability, and performance, scholars are still theorizing on how they influence one another. This study proposes and empirically tests a theoretical model of the relationships between each of these three constructs. Data are analyzed from an original survey of a national sample of US local government public administrators—city managers. Using structural equation modeling, results show that there are positive relationships between power and accountability, power and performance, and accountability and performance. The article discusses theoretical and practical implications of these findings.     

Classical Marxism and Maoism: A comparative study

The issue of the Marxist character of “Mao Zedong Thought” has never really been resolved. The present work is a comparative analysis of the classical Marxism of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and the ideology of Mao Zedong. The argument is made that whatever Marxism there was in Maoism was the “creatively developed Marxism” of V. I. Lenin—which allowed for socialist revolution in retrograde economic circumstances—something that had been specifically rejected by Marx and Engels. That led to the theoretical idiosyncrasies that characterized Maoism throughout its history, and ultimately resulted in the form rejected by Deng Xiaoping and post-Maoist China.     

Power and Public Chambers in the development of civil society in Russia

Embodying a state vision of how civil society ought to function and be designed by the authorities, Public Chambers in Russia have been criticized as means of state control. This state dominance is the starting point in this article, which asks what room to manoeuvre a regional Public Chamber has. Drawing upon fieldwork this article examines how members and local observers of the Public Chamber give meaning to this activity. The analysis assesses the role of state dominance, discussion of routines and responses to local demands, and concludes that these incremental developments form civil society in Russia.     

重估民事执行权运行模式

西方执行权运行模式固然有当事人主义与职权主义的差别,但即使在前一模式下,执行权在各单项执行措施中也并不总是消极的。部分国家采取前一模式是因为其实行过分松散的执行权分配体制。改革中出现的当事人主义主张照搬诉讼程序的理念,名为保护处分权实为加重债权人负担。应该区分执行实施权和执行裁判权的运行模式,至少前者应是积极主动的。我国的执行权分配体制使得执行员能够拥有程序选择权。执行机构的程序选择权与当事人的处分权是可以并行不悖的。     

Transformation of political elite as regime changes in Pakistan

Burton and Higely [(2001). ‘The study of political elite transformations’, International review of sociology/Revue internationale de sociologie, 11(2): 181–199] argue that when elites of a society are not united this will lead to an unstable political regime. Consensual elite cohesion is only created through distinctive elite transformation. This essay attempts to elaborate their argument in Pakistan, by developing a link among a continuous regime shift from authoritarian to democratic governments and the political elites who keep transforming their structure accordingly. The technique followed for it is analysing the epochal events over time from pre-partition till date which became reason for regime transformations. The discussion focuses on the collusions and contestations of multiple power elites within given social context which are embedded under the international context. It concludes that political elites in Pakistan were always embraced by multiple other power elites who accordingly hold dual elite identity to control the command post in the political arena. Such complex elite structure makes it paradoxical to distinguish political elite of Pakistan from other power elites of Pakistan.     

Modeling spending preferences & public policy

Understanding preferences over government spending is important for understanding electoral behavior and many other aspects of the political world. Using data on relative preferences for more or less spending across different issue areas, we estimate the general spending preferences of individuals and congressional candidates along a left-right spending dimension. Our modeling approach also allows us to estimate the location of policies on this same dimension, permitting direct comparison of people's spending preferences with where they perceive policy to be. We find that public shows very low levels of polarization on spending preferences, even across characteristics like partisanship, ideology, or income level. The distribution of candidates' spending preferences shows much more sorting by party, but candidates are significantly less polarized than is contemporary voting in Congress.     

优化营商环境构建新发展格局

受新冠肺炎疫情全球大流行、中美贸易战以及逆全球化思潮的影响,国内经济发展形势面临着前所未有的困难。党的十九届五中全会提出要"不断提高贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局能力和水平,为实现高质量发展提供根本保证"。优化营商环境是一项事关产业转型升级、新旧动能转换、综合竞争力提高以及经济发展质量提升的长期工程,是中央反复多次提出的发展要求。当前,为了促进国内国际双循环新发展格局的形成,必须借鉴国内外先进经验,打造透明高效的政务环境,营造公平公正的市场环境,构建健全的法律环境,吸引全球优质资本来我国投资,以巩固并提升我国的竞争力。