Nuclear diplomacy as niche diplomacy: South Africa's post-apartheid relations with the International Atomic Energy Agency

Since the termination of its nuclear weapons programme, commenced in 1989 and verified by the International Atomic Energy Agency's (IAEA) in 1993, successive South African governments have consistently advocated the country's commitment to nuclear non-proliferation. South Africa has secured a niche role through norm construction and state identity for itself through its nuclear diplomacy with the IAEA. The article explores aspects of South Africa's nuclear diplomacy with the IAEA as an example of niche diplomacy. Therefore, it traces South Africa's diplomatic relations with the IAEA, starting with the IAEA's verification process and the implementation of a Safeguards Agreement (1989–1994) through the conversion of South Africa's research nuclear reactor (1991–2005); South Africa's position on greater representation for developing countries on the IAEA's Board of Governors; its ambition to be elected to the position of IAEA Director General (2008–2009); and its refusal to support the establishment of a nuclear fuel bank in Russia under the IAEA's auspices (2009–2010).     

RyR2相关心脏性猝死的研究进展

雷诺定受体2(ryanodine receptor 2,RyR2)是心肌细胞肌浆网上主要的钙释放通道,主要参与心肌的兴奋收缩耦联过程,其基因突变及调控异常可导致心肌舒张期钙漏引起心律失常,甚至猝死。本文重点综述RyR2基因突变及调控异常引起心脏性猝死的机制,并对以后的研究提出建议,旨在为心脏性猝死的法医学诊断提供一种新的思路。     

偏执型精神分裂症患者GRIN1基因-855G/C与-1140G/A位点的遗传多态性

目的探讨GRIN1基因启动子区两个单核苷酸多态性位点-855 G/C、-1140 G/A遗传多态性与偏执型精神分裂症的相关性及法医学意义。方法采用PCR限制性片段长度多态性(restriction fragment length polymorphism,RFLP)结合PAGE法对中国北方汉族183例健康无关个体和172例偏执型精神分裂症患者GRIN1基因5′端的-855 G/C和-1140 G/A位点多态性进行检测,采用χ2检验人群中基因型分布是否符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律,并比较两组人群中基因型和等位基因频率分布的差异。结果两组群体基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律。-855 G/C位点基因型分布在对照组女性和实验组女性间的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),-1140 G/A位点基因型和等位基因频率分布在对照组和实验组间及两组女性间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 GRIN1基因启动子区-1140 G/A位点单核苷酸多态性可能与精神分裂症存在相关性;精神分裂症发生的遗传学因素可能存在性别倾向,可为精神分裂症的司法鉴定提供参考。     

Internal reliability and construct validity of the Novaco Anger Scale-1998-S in a sample of violent prison inmates in Sweden

Abstract

In this study, the internal reliability and construct validity of the recently adapted Swedish version of the Novaco Anger Scale (NAS-1998-S; Lindqvist, Dåderman, & Hellström, Social Behavior and Personality, 8, 773–788, 2003), as well as its scale correlations with demographic and criminality variables, were investigated. Construct validity was established by assessing the correlation pattern of the scales of NAS-1998-S with concurrent scales of similar and distinct constructs. Ninety-five male violent prisoners, ranging in age from 18 to 67 years, participated. The results demonstrated good internal reliability, consistent intrascale relationships, and appropriate construct validity of NAS-1998-S. The number of previous convictions had a moderate negative relationship with the capacity of control. Age and education correlated negatively with the NAS-1998-S scales, except Regulation. In addition to psychometric issues, the results were discussed from a clinical perspective on the offender population.     

Heroin addictions in Italians: Evaluation of OPRM1 genetic variants by case–control association study

The opportunities to analyse the genetic variations related to the risk of addiction are of interest to forensics, who beside their involvement in drugs-related fatalities may also be required to assess driving and working ability as well as permanent invalidity due to drugs-related conditions. Several genetic variants have been shown to be associated with heroin addiction. The most investigated gene is OPMR1 that encode the μ-opioid receptor. The purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of genetics variants in OPRM1 to the susceptibility to addiction.     

Bacterial Degradation of Risperidone and Paliperidone in Decomposing Blood

The stability of two benzisoxazole antipsychotics was determined in vitro in decomposing porcine blood inoculated with bacteria, utilizing a high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and fluorescence detection method for drug quantitation. Stability experiments for risperidone and paliperidone were conducted at 7, 20 and 37°C for 4 days using sterile and bacterially inoculated porcine blood. The drugs were stable in sterile blood at each temperature and in inoculated blood at 7°C, but degraded significantly in inoculated blood at 20 and 37°C. Complete loss occurred within 2 days when incubated at 37°C. The benzisoxazole‐cleaved degradation products for both drugs were identified as 2‐hydroxybenzoyl‐risperidone and 2‐hydroxybenzoyl‐paliperidone utilizing liquid chromatography quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and accurate mass measurements. The degradation products have been found in postmortem case studies, including one case where risperidone and paliperidone were not detected, indicating complete conversion can occur in situ.     

The normalizing role of rationalist assumptions in the institutional embedding of neoliberalism

The political economy of Britain over the past three decades provides an interesting example of the consolidation, normalization and institutionalization of a new economic paradigm – neoliberalism. As such, it serves as a potentially instructive focus for debate both about the conditions under which economic paradigms are replaced and consolidated and the evolution of such paradigms through the process of institutionalization. In this paper I suggest that the institutionalization of this new economic paradigm has been associated with the shift from a normative to a normalized and necessitarian neoliberalism. I examine the role played by rationalist assumptions in this extended process of normalization-institutionalization. After presenting a stylized account of the evolution of British neoliberalism, I show how New Labour's monetary policy regime is the heir to the legacy of monetarism and its agenda of labour-market reform is the heir to Thatcherism's supply-side economics. I suggest that the time-inconsistency thesis and the business school globalization thesis have played an equivalent role, for New Labour, to that played for the new right by monetarism and supply-side economics in legitimating neoliberalism. In this way neoliberalism has been normalized. In the final sections of the paper I reflect on the implications of the normalized and necessitarian character of neoliberalism in Britain for its contestability and for democratic economic governance more broadly.     

大鼠弥漫性轴索损伤后Homer1蛋白表达的研究

目的:观察大鼠弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)后Homer1蛋白的表达规律。方法:将45只SD大鼠随机分为对照组及DAI组,后者按DAI后处死大鼠的时间不同分为30min、1h、3h、6h、12h、24h、72h、7d组。建立大鼠DAI动物模型,运用免疫组织化学技术及图像分析方法观察脑组织Homer1蛋白的表达。结果:损伤后30min,Homer1蛋白染色阳性细胞数增多,染色增强(P<0.05),随着损伤时间的延长,阳性细胞数及阳性表达范围逐渐扩大,于伤后24h达到高峰(P<0.01),随后逐渐下降。对照组可见少量Homer1蛋白表达。结论:Homer1蛋白是大鼠DAI后的灵敏指标,在不同时间段表达具有时序性变化规律,对于早期诊断DAI及损伤时间的推断具有一定的参考价值。     

柔嫩艾美球虫pEtK2抗原基因的克隆表达及其表达产物的抗原性分析

应用RT-PCR技术从纯化的柔嫩艾美球虫孢子化卵囊子孢子中克隆了pEtK2抗原基因,并进行了原核表达和抗原性分析,同时用MTT法检测了重组蛋白对球虫耐过鸡淋巴细胞的刺激效果。结果显示,克隆的pEtK2基因全长1464 bp,具有一个完整的开放阅读框,编码487个氨基酸,具有多个T细胞表位。重组蛋白诱导5 h后表达量最多,分子质量约55 ku,占菌体总蛋白的32%。纯化的重组蛋白能够刺激球虫耐过鸡T淋巴细胞增殖,可作为球虫基因工程疫苗或DNA疫苗的候选基因。