Globalization and Divergent Paths of Industrial Development: Mobile Phone Manufacturing in China,Japan, South Korea and Taiwan

Globalisation has challenged the way industrial development takes place. Fragmented and decentralised global production and the rapid growth of consumer markets in emerging economies demand a more sophisticated framework to analyse development paths than does the dichotomy of export orientation and import substitution. This article proposes a typology based on (a) specialisation in the global value chain and (b) market orientation to distinguish different development trajectories and then applies the typology to mobile phone manufacturing in four East Asian countries. This study finds that globalisation does not lead to the convergence of development paths, but promotes cross-national divergence depending on countries’ positions in the value chain and market niches. Both Korea and Taiwan emerge as key players in global markets, yet in different parts of the global value chain. Their common orientation toward global markets strikingly contrasts the inability of Japanese firms to translate their domestic success overseas. Finally, Chinese firms concurrently engage in different development paths, making the country’s multi-path approach unique. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of industrial development in East Asia in an era of globalisation.     

Improving court-appearance rates through court-date reminder phone calls

Without a defendant’s appearance in court, the adjudication of criminal charges cannot proceed. The low defendant court appearance rates of Lafayette Parish, Louisiana were identified as a high priority to address. A pilot project was implemented, in which, Lafayette Parish Sheriff’s Office (LPSO) Information Officers would call defendants approximately 5–9 days before their pretrial court appearance. This process began in September 2014. LPSO staff attempted to call all non-incarcerated or diverted defendants with known contact information. LPSO staff documented when calls were made and the type of response (spoke to defendant, left a voicemail, no answer, inoperable phone or spoke to friend or family member). Calls were made to defendants with court appearances in arraignment hearings, misdemeanor pretrial and trial, felony pretrial and traffic court. Court appearance rates for all court hearings increased from 48 to 62%.     

手机谣言短信与行政权的介入

在手机短信给人们交流信息带来方便的同时,也出现了人们所没有预料到的问题,谣言短信便是其中之一。谣言短信侵害了公共利益和弱势群体的利益,严重扰乱了正常生活和社会秩序。治理谣言短信,行政权必须通过多种途径介入。当然,行政权在介入治理谣言短信时,必须把握一定的原则,妥善处理好治理谣言短信与保护公民权利之间的关系。     

Identification of Mobile Phone and Analysis of Original Version of Videos through a Delay Time Analysis of Sound Signals from Mobile Phone Videos

This study designs a method of identifying the camera model used to take videos that are distributed through mobile phones and determines the original version of the mobile phone video for use as legal evidence. For this analysis, an experiment was conducted to find the unique characteristics of each mobile phone. The videos recorded by mobile phones were analyzed to establish the delay time of sound signals, and the differences between the delay times of sound signals for different mobile phones were traced by classifying their characteristics. Furthermore, the sound input signals for mobile phone videos used as legal evidence were analyzed to ascertain whether they have the unique characteristics of the original version. The objective of this study was to find a method for validating the use of mobile phone videos as legal evidence using mobile phones through differences in the delay times of sound input signals.     

Single source DNA profile recovery from single cells isolated from skin and fabric from touch DNA mixtures in mock physical assaults

The ability to obtain DNA profiles from trace biological evidence is routinely demonstrated with so-called ‘touch DNA evidence’, which is generally perceived to be the result of DNA obtained from shed skin cells transferred from a donor's hands to an object or person during direct physical contact. Current methods for the recovery of trace DNA employ swabs or adhesive tape to sample an area of interest. While of practical utility, such ‘blind-swabbing’ approaches will necessarily co-sample cellular material from the different individuals whose cells are present on the item, even though the individuals' cells are principally located in topographically dispersed, but distinct, locations on the item. Thus the act of swabbing itself artifactually creates some of the DNA mixtures encountered in touch DNA samples. In some instances involving transient contact between an assailant and victim, the victim's DNA may be found in such significant excess as to preclude the detection and typing of the perpetrator's DNA. In order to circumvent the challenges with standard recovery and analysis methods for touch DNA evidence, we reported previously the development of a ‘smart analysis’ single cell recovery and DNA analysis method that results in enhanced genetic analysis of touch DNA evidence. Here we use the smart single cell analysis method to recover probative single source profiles from individual and agglomerated cells from various touched objects and clothing items belonging to known donors. We then use the same approach for the detection of single source male donor DNA in simulated physical contact/assault mixture samples (i.e. male ‘assailant’ grabbing the wrist, neck or clothing from the female ‘victim’, or being in transient contact with bedding from the ‘victim’). DNA profiles attributable to the male or female known donors were obtained from 31% and 35% of the single and agglomerated bio-particles (putative cells) tested. The known male donor ‘assailant’ DNA profile was identified in the cell sampling from every mixture type tested. The results of this work demonstrate the efficacy of an alternative strategy to recover single source perpetrator DNA profiles in physical contact/assault cases involving trace perpetrator/victim cellular admixtures.     

手机短信诈骗及其防控措施

随着当今社会经济的不断发展,电信诈骗已成为社会公害之一,同时也成为司法机关打击的重点和难点。其中,利用手机的短信功能进行诈骗的现象时有发生,成为犯罪分子进行电信诈骗的最重要手段之一。手机短信诈骗犯罪行为的广泛存在,不仅严重侵害了公民的财产安全与利益,更破坏了正常的社会秩序与经济秩序。为了能有效地预防和惩处手机短信诈骗犯罪,应该完善立法,强化监管和打击力度,进行多方面的综合治理。     

左归补髓生血方对再生障碍性贫血小鼠骨髓有核细胞凋亡的影响

目的 观察左归补髓生血方治疗小鼠再生障碍性贫血的疗效及其对骨髓中有核细胞凋亡的影响。方法 将40只SPF级ICR小鼠随机分正常组、模型组、西药组、中药组。采用二甲磺酸丁酯和环磷酰胺交替给药12 d的方法复制再生障碍性小鼠模型。观察外周血细胞计数以及骨髓组织形态学变化,采用TUNEL法检测各组小鼠骨髓中有核细胞凋亡。结果 与正常组比较,模型组小鼠外周血白细胞、红细胞、血小板计数和血红蛋白浓度明显减低（P＜0.05）,骨髓有核细胞凋亡率明显升高（P＜0.05）;光镜下可见小鼠骨髓增生极度减少,红系、粒系、巨核细胞系均明显减少。与模型组比较,中药组以及西药组外周血红细胞、白细胞、血小板计数和血红蛋白浓度明显升高（P＜0.05）,骨髓有核细胞凋亡率明显降低（P＜0.05）;光镜下可见骨髓中造血组织比例增多。结论 左归补髓生血方可以有效升高再生障碍性贫血小鼠外周血细胞计数,抑制骨髓中有核细胞的凋亡。     

芯片移植法提取手机机身信息

目的证明在案发现场获得的损坏手机内部信息，在其自身存储芯片未被破坏的情况下，能够显现出来。方法将有明显数量差别的电话号码和短信，分别存储在2个同品牌同型号的手机内存上，然后将其内存取出互换，观察互换后所存信息是否仍能够完好显现出来。结果在存储芯片未损坏的情况下，内部信息能够通过互换芯片的方法完全显现出来。结论实验证明，通过同种型号手机芯片的互换，内部芯片未遭到破坏的情况下，其所存信息能够完整的进行提取。     

Proteinase K challenged by a novel protease

Proteinase K is used in forensic DNA extraction methods for cell lysis and degradation of proteins. Here we compare Proteinase K with a novel protease. We conclude that there is no need to exchange Proteinase K in our methods.