合规顾问在有效合规整改中的作用

律师作为涉案企业聘请的合规顾问,在协助企业合规整改中可以充当三种角色：一是检察机关启动合规考察程序的申请者;二是第三方组织监督考察的应对者;三是检察机关合规验收听证的答辩者。为帮助企业实现有效合规整改的目标,合规顾问应通过积极工作,满足检察机关启动合规考察程序的基本条件,针对涉案企业发生犯罪的内生性结构原因,对其治理结构、业务类型、经营方式、商业模式、企业文化等做出有针对性的调整,消除那些容易导致犯罪发生的因素。在此基础上,合规顾问可以根据企业的规模、业务范围、行业特点、合规风险等情况,帮助企业建立一种体系化的专项合规计划,争取达到有效预防相关违法犯罪行为再次发生的效果。     

Tooth hop variability in human and nonhuman bone: Effect on the estimation of saw blade TPI

Forensic research has demonstrated that tooth hop (TH) is a valuable measurement from saw-cut bones as it can be used to estimate teeth-per-inch (TPI) of a saw used in postmortem dismemberment cases. However, error rates for TPI estimation are still under development and knowledge of how bone tissue affects TH measurements remains unclear. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of tissue variability through the use of different taxa on the accuracy and precision of TH measurements in the bone to estimate TPI of the blade. A total of 1766 TH measurements were analyzed from human, pig, and deer long bones cut by two 7 TPI saw blades of different tooth type. Fifty distance-between-teeth measurements before and after sawing were collected directly from each blade for comparison to bone-measured TH to assess potential effects of tooth wear on TH variability. ANOVA and F tests were used to compare mean TH and variance, respectively, by saw-species (i.e., crosscut-deer, rip-deer) and species groups (i.e., all deer, all pig), with significance determined at the p < 0.05 level. TH measurements were converted to usable TPI ranges, which would typically be presented in a forensic report. It is concluded that significant differences in TH (mm) do not necessarily reflect significant differences in associated TPI ranges of suspect blades. Forensic reports should report mean TPI ± 1.5–2.5 TPI while providing a sample size indicating number of TH measured rather than just number of cuts or cut surfaces examined.     

The long and the short of it: Electoral institutions and the dynamics of party system size, 1950–2005

While institutional theories of party system size are usually examined cross‐nationally, there is ample reason to expect that changes in electoral institutions will affect party system size within countries as well. Although some of this effect may occur immediately, most of the effects are likely to be realised over time and across subsequent elections. A series of error‐correction models examine the short‐ and long‐term effects of changes in electoral institutions on party system size. The results indicate that changes in electoral institutions do produce the expected effects on party system size, and that these effects occur mostly over the long term.     

证明理性化与刑事定罪标准之调整——基于防控司法错误的视角

近年来,一些学者主张我国应吸收借鉴西方国家的排除合理怀疑的证明标准,客观地讲,该证明标准在西方确实能最大限度地防控错判无辜的司法错误,同时还可以兼顾错放罪犯的司法错误,但却是以一套科学合理的证明机制为配套的。鉴于我国现实的制度语境,庭审证明标准能否松动不仅在于语词的改换,更在于语境的转换与配套证明机制之完善。     

析教唆犯与间接正犯之间认识错误的认定与处理——以部分的主客观相统一原则为立场

对于教唆犯与间接正犯之间认识错误,中外学说和实务上皆形成观点聚讼。我们主张应以部分的主客观相统一原则为立场解决这个问题。这说明任何细小问题的解决,其实均离不开特定的价值立场。刑法学研究应自觉地穿行于问题与主义之间。     

企业员工激励的个性化发展

企业员工的个性差异、需要差别、价值取向不同,决定了激励向个性化发展。员工激励应与其贡献挂钩、与其需要联系、与其个性符合、与其发展一致。激励个性化原则包括灵活性的激励手段、多样化的激励方法、弹性化的激励方式、具体化的激励措施、高效化的激励效果。