意识形态理论的对立与批判——马克思主义与新制度经济学

新制度经济学意识形态理论包含有新制度经济学对意识形态及其基本取向的认知,与马克思主义意识形态理论具有本质不同。基于马克思主义意识形态理论,借由对新制度经济学意识形态理论之理论预设、方法论、意识形态基本功用、意识形态变迁推动力、理论构建语境、理论旨趣、理论实践目标冲突的解读,可以发现其在如下方面存在问题:理论预设缺乏经验事实支持、方法论个人主义与意识形态的社会性相抵牾、以降低交易成本为意识形态的基本功用、以非阶级因素为意识形态变迁推动力、以西方世界为理论构建的基本语境、以解释西方世界为基本目标、以资本主义意识形态为永恒存在。对这种对立的批判性比较研究有利于清晰认识新制度经济学意识形态理论的本质,以更好维护我国意识形态安全。     

Margaret Fuller's Rome and the problem of provincial American democracy

ABSTRACT

Margaret Fuller's visit to Italy as a correspondent for the New York Tribune at the time of the 1848 revolutions gave her a unique perspective on them, not only as a feminist intellectual but also as a commentator on the American relationship with revolutionary Europe. In her Tribune writings she addressed issues at once more partisan and more global than those she had covered inside the United States, including the political condition of Italy as a subject state under Austrian imperial control, and as an object of ridicule by many American observers, and the condition of American slavery. Italian peoples and slaves, in her mind, were, like women, oppressed by a transatlantic patriarchy whose prejudices allowed only for white males to enjoy political independence. Fuller called for American support for the Roman republic, but her sympathies did not reflect the thrust of American opinion. Many Americans did not believe Italians were capable of maintaining republican self-government, which was different, they alleged, from their own version, part of the inheritance of the American Revolution. That heritage conferred a unique American revolutionary ‘exceptionalism’. For these Americans, the 1848 revolutions provided evidence that Europe was impulsive, reactionary and flawed; they saw in them confirmation of the superiority of American race relations and democratic society. After her death in 1850, the American Civil War would confirm Fuller's implicit sense that the United States and Europe were more alike than many Americans of her generation believed or realized. Her critique of American attitudes to the prospect for democracy in Italy provides perspective on the ambiguity of American global leadership today.     

辛亥革命以来的百年现代性佛学研究——新佛教史的体系性建构与批判性佛教思想诠释的辩证开展

所谓现代性佛学研究,是非以信仰取向为主的对佛学相对客观性学术论述或相关探讨。辛亥革命以后至1949年,在困难的学术条件下,中国依然涌现了一些现代性宗教研究的典范学者,如从根本上质疑一切古代中国经文翻译的正确性和系统解明异质佛教思想形成相关背景的吕澂、首开使用敦煌禅宗史料研究从达磨到神会的新禅宗史的胡适等。1949年后的台湾地区在"解严"前(1949—1987),"胡适禅学案"等即可说明现代佛教学术研究的继续;"解严"后(1987—2011),虽无再度出现如吕澂或印顺这样的研究巨人,但却有区域性佛教现代史或断代佛教社会文化史各类优秀著作相继出现。中国新佛教史的体系性建构与佛教思想的批判性诠释的百年薪火,不只没有完全断裂过,而是更善于转型和趋于多元化。     

The animal advocacy movement in the Baltic states: links to other social justice issues and possibilities for intersectional activism

ABSTRACT

This article focuses on the animal advocacy movement (AAM) in the Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Taking an intersectional perspective, I examine whether and how key animal activists in the Baltics see links between animal rights and other social justice issues. I also consider how the movement communicates its messages to the general public in settings where ideas around animal justice and possibilities for animal advocacy are relatively recent and unfamiliar. This analysis contributes to debates regarding possibilities for intersectional activism and collaboration between social justice movements in the Baltics and beyond.     

解读新《刑事诉讼法》 推进司法鉴定制度建设

新《刑事诉讼法》对司法鉴定制度做了如下修改：纠正了＂鉴定结论＂不准确的提法,还原了司法鉴定之本质;删除了＂人身伤害的重新鉴定或者精神病医学鉴定由省级人民政府指定医院进行＂的规定,理顺了司法鉴定体制;明确了鉴定人应当出庭作证的范围,确立了鉴定意见的传闻排除规则;增强了鉴定人参与诉讼的权利保护;增设了专家辅助人制度,使鉴定意见的质证程序有望实质化。这些修改是司法鉴定程序立法的重大进步,然而鉴定人权利保障体系尚有待健全。     

What Really Happened in New Orleans? Estimating the Threat of Violence During the Hurricane Katrina Disaster∗

Although research indicates that initial media reports greatly exaggerated the severity of violent crime in post‐Katrina New Orleans, it is not yet clear whether violence in general was a problem for storm victims. In this study, data from a unique survey of storm victims are used to estimate the overall threat of violence faced by those who were hardest hit by the storm and who lived through the disaster in New Orleans. The findings suggest that, while the threat of violent victimization was very real for some respondents, it did not dominate the experience of these storm victims. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the social construction of law and order, the persistence of disaster myths, negative stereotyping of the urban poor, and crime control issues in the context of disaster management and planning.     

重构公正行政复议程序制度 保障行政复议公正解决行政争议

反司法化定位下的现行行政复议程序过于简化与内部行政化,欠缺程序公正的基本制度要素,不利于公正解决行政争议。要提升行政复议解决行政争议的有效性,必须开展以提升程序公正性为重心的系列公正程序制度改革,将体现程序公正的基本要素引入行政复议中,在行政复议中确立公正程序的各项基本原则,切实保障申请人的各项程序权利,在此基础上完成正当行政复议程序制度重构,具体包括回避制度、复议案件公开审理制度、言词辩论制度、复议决定说明理由制度等。     

共建21世纪海上丝绸之路——走出东亚格局中的二元困境

传统东亚格局具有明显的一元化特点,无论是经济贸易还是政治安全都高度依赖美国。伴随中国经济的快速崛起,东亚经济体对美国的经济贸易依赖逐步被中国所取代,从而形成当前东亚地区格局中的二元困境,即政治安全依赖美国,而经济贸易依赖中国。同时20世纪90年代末金融危机后逐步形成的东亚传统的合作模式也遭遇多层面挑战。中国新一届政府提出的建设21世纪海上丝绸之路的战略构想,基础扎实、背景厚重、举措有力、开放度高、统领力强,在区域合作架构上实现了一系列重大突破,也为走出东亚格局中的二元困境开启了可行路径。中国是构建21世纪海上丝绸之路的发起者,东盟是21世纪海上丝绸之路的重点地区,通过共建21世纪海上丝绸之路,中国与东盟关系将发展到全新阶段,提升至更高水平。     

新媒体视角下社会管理创新探讨

新媒体时代的到来,改变了信息传播的方式,改变了人们的生活、生产方式,给社会管理创新带来了机遇和挑战.新媒体视角下,如何推进社会管理创新,是当前各级政府面临的重大课题.社会管理者应树立现代媒体意识,运用新媒体技术,预防和减少社会矛盾,改进社会管理方式,以实现社会治理的科学化.     

Area Differences and Time Trends in Crime Reporting: Comparing New York with Other Metropolitan Areas

Police measures of crime are shaped by victims’ decisions to notify the police. To obtain a better understanding of US crime trends, this study uses the National Crime Victimization Survey to examine geographic differences and temporal trends in crime reporting in New York and other metropolitan areas for the period 1979-2004. We find that net of crime characteristics and survey methodology, the New York metropolitan area showed fewer increases in crime reporting than did other metropolitan areas. These divergent trends suggest that the real differences in the drop of nonlethal violence between New York and other areas may have been smaller than those indicated by police-based crime statistics. We also find that from the early 1990s to 2004, New York showed a sharp decrease in the likelihood of victims perceiving that “police wouldn’t help.” This trend suggests that police reforms in New York City have not resulted in more victims using police-related reasons to explain their nonreporting behavior. Instead, researchers need to develop a broader theoretical framework (not an exclusive focus on police actions) to understand how police- and nonpolice-related factors may explain the geographic variation in the trends of reporting observed in this study.