Fatal capnocytophaga infection associated with splenectomy

A case of fatal sepsis due to Capnocytophaga species is described. Capnatophaga canimorsus and C. cynodegmi can cause localized wound infections and/or systemic infections in people who have been bitten, licked, scratched, or merely exposed to cats or dogs, especially splenectomized individuals. A thorough social, medical, and surgical history, the clinical presentation, and cultures are important in making the diagnosis of Capnocytophaga infections. It is important that the forensic pathologist be aware of this zoonotic disease.     

新冠肺炎尸检:法医工作者面临的挑战与对策

新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称"新冠肺炎")病例于2019年12月出现,疫情在短时间内蔓延,已导致数千名患者死亡。目前我们对新冠肺炎的致病、转归、致死的病理学机制了解甚少,尽早开展新冠肺炎死亡病例的尸体检验尤为重要,这给法医工作者带来了挑战。新冠肺炎尸检应在可以维持负压的独立解剖室进行,检验人员应严格按照三级防护标准穿戴防护用具,注重环境、器械、耗材的消毒以及废液废弃物处理。解剖及检验过程应规范、谨慎,尽量减少切割操作,并避免体液流出或组织飞溅导致病毒传播。本文将就法医工作者面临新冠肺炎尸检的挑战与对策做一述评。     

缺失信号肽和跨膜区的PRRSV GP5融合蛋白基因的表达

通过分析猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)HH08株GP5基因序列,设计了2对引物,经PCR扩增,获得不含信号肽和跨膜功能区的GP5基因片段,长度分别为121 bp和248 bp。应用酶切位点相连构建融合基因技术,将2段基因亚克隆到原核表达载体pET-30a(+)中,获得重组表达质粒pET-GP5。将重组质粒转入大肠杆菌,经IPTG诱导后获得高效表达。免疫印迹试验证实,表达的融合蛋白能与特异性血清抗体反应,表明表达的PRRSV GP5蛋白具有良好的生物学活性。     

鼻腔免疫禽流感灭活疫苗对鸡呼吸道肥大细胞分布的影响

用添加CpG的禽流感病毒(H5亚型)灭活疫苗对7日龄罗曼公鸡进行鼻腔免疫,14日龄加强免疫一次;分别于首免后第3、5、7周剖杀,取鼻腔、喉部、气管、气管叉及肺组织,通过甲苯胺蓝染色法显示肥大细胞,观察呼吸道各部位肥大细胞的分布及数量变化。结果显示,首免后第3周气管和气管叉黏膜中的肥大细胞数量显著增加(P<0.05),第5周时喉部和气管叉黏膜中的肥大细胞数量显著增加(P<0.05),气管黏膜中肥大细胞数量也极显著增加(P<0.01),第7周肺中的肥大细胞数量显著增加(P<0.05);肥大细胞的数量在喉部最多,气管叉次之,气管和肺较少。试验结果表明,局部黏膜免疫可增加呼吸道肥大细胞的数量,肥大细胞可能参与黏膜免疫反应。     

猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒HN6株ORF5基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

用RT-PCR方法从河南分离的1株(HN6)猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)核酸中扩增缺失N端疏水序列的基因片段dORF5(deleting ORF5),并将其克隆到pMD18-T载体中测序,再亚克隆到原核表达载体pET-32a上。重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21,用不同浓度IPTG分别于37℃诱导,经SDS-PAGE分析,所表达的融合蛋白的分子质量约31.4 ku,薄层扫描分析显示,表达量占菌体总蛋白含量的28.8%。Western-blotting结果表明,重组蛋白可被PRRSV阳性血清所识别。证实,该蛋白可用于PRRSV的诊断。     

Like Mother,Like Daughters? Campaigns for Tribal Peoples’ Rights in the Commonwealth

Abstract

Intent on stealing land and plundering resources, the British Empire labelled its tribal subjects as ‘backward’ and used the excuse of bringing them ‘civilisation’ to appropriate their land and resources. This study examines the development of campaigns for tribal peoples’ rights in various Commonwealth countries since independence. It shows how methods of campaigning have been largely consistent since the birth of the indigenous rights movements, involving the public in letter-writing, demonstrations and vigils, and using publications and the press to raise awareness of rights violations and abuses. It illustrates how many Commonwealth governments today, like the former imperial rulers, believe in the ‘backwardness’ of their tribal citizens, but today it is ‘development’ not ‘civilisation’ that lies behind the theft of their lands and resources.     

Paradigm Shift for the Alcohol Breath Test

Abstract: The alcohol breath test (ABT) has been used for quantification of ethyl alcohol in individuals suspected of driving under the influence for more than 50 years. In this time, there has been little change in the concepts underlying this single breath test. The old model, which assumes that end‐exhaled breath alcohol concentration is closely related to alveolar air alcohol concentration, is no longer acceptable. This paper reviews experimental research and mathematical modeling which has evaluated the pulmonary exchange processes for ethyl alcohol. Studies have shown that alcohol exchanges dynamically with the airway tissue both during inspiration and expiration. The airway tissue interaction makes it impossible to deliver air with alveolar alcohol concentration to the mouth. It is concluded that the ABT is dependent on physiological factors that need to be assessed for accurate testing.     

Two Fatal Cases of Hidden Pneumonia in Young People*

Abstract: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe lung disease characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma leading to impaired gas exchange. This condition is often lethal, usually requiring mechanical ventilation and admission to an intensive care unit. We present two fatal cases of hidden pneumonia in young people and discuss the pathophysiological mechanism of ARDS with reference to the histological pattern. A complete forensic approach by means of autopsy and histological, immunohistochemical, and microbiological, examination was carried out. In both cases the cause of death was cardio‐respiratory failure following an acute bilateral pneumonia with diffuse alveolar damage and ARDS associated with sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Our cases suggest on one side the importance of an early diagnosis to avoid unexpected death while on the other that the diagnosis of ARDS has to be confirmed on the basis of a careful postmortem examination and a complete microscopy and microbiological study.     

培土生金法治疗气虚型小儿反复呼吸道感染35例

目的 观察培土生金法治疗气虚型小儿反复呼吸道感染的临床疗效。方法 选取70例气虚型反复呼吸道感染患儿,随机分为观察组和对照组各35例。其中对照组患儿予常规西医药物治疗,观察组患儿加服培土生金中药,7 d为1个疗程,连服4个疗程并随访1年,观察并比较两组患儿治疗前后1年内呼吸道感染次数和每次症状持续时间,评价临床疗效。结果 观察组临床疗效明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患儿1年内呼吸道感染次数和每次症状持续时间均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05),观察组下降程度明显大于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 培土生金法可防治小儿气虚型反复呼吸道感染。     

中国黄羽鹌鹑消化道嗜银细胞的分布规律及形态学观察

应用Grimelius银染法对100日龄中国黄羽鹌鹑的消化道进行嗜银性染色,观察了其消化道内嗜银细胞的分布规律和基本形态。结果显示,在中国黄羽鹌鹑的腺胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠、直肠发现有嗜银细胞的分布且分布密度呈现波浪形,在腺胃和直肠中最高,盲肠中最低。雌雄之间同一部位嗜银细胞数量比较只有十二指肠部差异显著。嗜银细胞主要分布在肠黏膜上皮细胞之间,肠腺上皮细胞之间和肠固有膜中,盲肠和腺胃中发现有嗜银细胞分布在结缔组织中。嗜银细胞的形态有梭形、椭圆形、锥形和圆形,还有一些为不规则形状。其中锥形嗜银细胞突起伸向肠腺腔,梭形嗜银细胞两端均有突起,分别指向肠腔和固有膜。根据嗜银细胞的分布和形态推测嗜银细胞有内分泌、外分泌和旁分泌3种功能。