劳动职业伤害的企业社会责任主体分析——以“毒苹果”为例

苹果公司供应商联建科技使用有毒化学原料正己烷导致百名员工中毒的案例引出一个法律难题——间接职业伤害主体的责任问题。本文从"毒苹果"事件提出的法律问题、职业伤害间接责任主体承担企业社会责任的依据,以及间接责任主体承担企业社会责任的途径等方面进行了论述,提出职业伤害间接主体应承担扩大的企业社会责任;间接责任主体承担企业社会责任应从企业自身监督、利益相关者参与治理及政府监管等方面进行。     

Due Diligence Obligations of Conduct: Developing a Responsibility Regime for PMSCs

Abstract

As non-state actors, PMSCs are not embraced by traditional state-dominated doctrines of international law. However, international law has itself failed to keep pace with the evolution of states and state-based actors, to which strong Westphalian notions of sovereignty are no longer applicable. It is argued that these structural inadequacies stand in the way of international regulation of PMSCs, rather than defects in international human rights and humanitarian law per se. By analyzing understandings of legal responsibility, where such structural issues come to the fore, it is argued that, rather than attempting to resolve the essentially ideological dispute about the inherent functions of a state, regulatory regimes should focus on the positive obligations of states and PMSCs, and the interactions between them. Applying the results of this analysis, current and proposed regulatory regimes are evaluated and their shortcomings revealed.     

论中国公司代表人制度的改革——以两大法系比较研究为视角

我国现行的公司法定代表人制度具有法定唯一性,体现了非常强的法律干预特征,实践中给公司经营带来了不便,同时产生了多方面的负面效果.考察两大法系主要国家的公司代表人制度可以发现,公司自治是各国代表人制度的基本原则,同时辅以必要的法律干预.我国的公司代表人制度存在诸多缺陷,应在公司代表人的产生、代表人模式等方面增强公司自治,另外严格代表人的责任,明确特别关系中的公司代表人,从多方面全面改革法定代表人制度.     

西方公司犯罪理论对比分析

公司犯罪在我国研究甚少,但是国外已创建不少基本理论。比较有实证基础的理论包括紧张理论、模仿理论、合理性选择理论以及公司结构理论。这些理论对公司犯罪的解释角度不同,可谓各具所长。紧张理论突出公司业绩与犯罪之间的关系;模仿理论则更加关注公司文化和高管人员对犯罪行为的接受;另外,基于一定经济分析基础的合理性选择理论把公司决策时的成本效益分析看成了公司犯罪的最本源,而公司结构理论则恰恰相反地把犯罪源头锁定在了公司治理的结构问题上。就公司本身特征（包括公司业绩、规模、高管人员素质和组成）与公司行为关系而言,这些理论的适用性则强度不一。因此,为求对公司犯罪研究结果的整合,以及提高公司治理的发展,一种综合性解释理论的需求随之而生。     

浅淡企业文化与高职校园文化相融合的途径

高职院校是培养应用型人才的摇篮。在大力发展高职教育的今天,校企合作办学模式已经成为各高职院校办学的标志性特点。作为高职院校一部分的校园文化也应融入＂企业文化＂内容,通过企业文化与高职校园物质文化层面、制度文化层面和精神文化层面的融合让学生完成从＂校园人＂到＂企业人＂的平稳转变和快速过渡。     

What can Post‐Democracy tell us about TNCs and Extraterritorial Violations of Human Rights?

This article considers the problem of extraterritorial human rights violations committed by transnational corporations (TNCs), and draws on Crouch's framework in Post‐democracy to illustrate why the issue has proved so difficult for states to regulate. I begin by examining the problem of corporate regulation more generally, and set out Crouch's analysis to show why and how corporations have become so influential. The second section considers the area of business and human rights, and explains why there is ‘a governance gap’ in relation to extraterritorial human rights violations committed by corporations. The third section describes efforts at the international and domestic levels to regulate corporations in relation to this issue. It concludes that while new international principles and innovative hybrid schemes are playing a valuable role in norm creation and standard‐setting, the enforcement of these principles remains limited. Corporations have largely succeeded to date in their lobbying efforts to remain free of any direct obligations under international law.     

论企业合规的性质

企业合规是企业为实现依法依规经营、防控合规风险所建立的一种治理机制。企业合规只有在法律确立了行政监管激励机制和刑法激励机制的前提下，才能得到有效的实施。在国际经济法律体系中，一些国际组织也将企业合规作为对违规企业解除制裁的前提条件。从历史上来看，企业合规是为保护企业利益而设置的风险防控机制，它所要防控的不是企业的经营风险和财务风险，也不是一般意义上的法律风险，而是因可能受到行政处罚或刑事追究而承担的合规风险。企业合规发展到今天，已经不再仅仅属于企业所要承担的道德义务，而变成了一个涉及多个法律领域的重要法律问题。     

On Agency Issues in Charity and Their Governance——In the Perspective of Corporate Foundation

There are multiple agency relationships based on the different rights and obligations in corporate foundation's charity activities. Because current legislation is not perfect, and the system supply is insufficiency, which causes the agent to damage the client's interest easily. In order to conquer this problem, it needs to perfect our legislation to improve the corporate foundation governance structure and increase its independence; mandatory information disclosure which urges corporate foundation becomes more open and transparent in charity; improving the internal and external monitoring mechanism, especially highlight the third party supervision; enhance the induced system supply which is used to motivate corporate foundation; improve the legal liability system and define the legal liability clearly of corporate foundation's internal controller.     

组织双元性、创新协同与企业绩效:基于战略一致性的调节作用

技术创新与管理创新的协同机理及其对企业绩效的影响机制和作用边界存在较大研究空白。本文基于组织双元性理论和协同理论,在分析双元性技术创新和管理创新动态协同机理的基础上,实证检验了探索式和利用式技术创新与管理创新的协同效应对企业短期和长期绩效的影响以及战略一致性的调节作用。研究表明,探索式和利用式创新与管理创新的协同对企业短期和长期绩效均有显著促进作用;探索创新与管理创新的协同对企业长期绩效的贡献高于利用式创新,而利用式创新与管理创新的协同对企业短期绩效的贡献高于探索式创新;战略一致性在创新协同与企业绩效的关系中具有正向调节作用,战略一致性越高,创新协同对短期和长期绩效的促进效应越显著。     

浅谈企业文化建设的路径选择

企业文化是企业长期形成的共同理想、价值观和行为准则，是一种具有企业个性的信念和行为方式。企业文化具有人本性、和谐性、民族性、时代性和地域性等特点。企业文化建设首先应从塑造企业形象、企业精神入手，企业形象就是社会公众对企业的认识和评价，塑造良好的企业形象的基础是质量和信誉。因此，培育企业文化应营造良好的企业文化氛围，领导带头示范，以企业精神为主题，开展各种主题活动；加强职工实践。树立典型榜样，为企业培育良好的社会公众形象。