转型时期刑事涉案财物扣押冻结问题研究

针对转型时期经济发展中出现的新型刑事案件和复杂的侦查工作局面,公安机关如何正确理解、适用法律,把握法律、政策界限,做到合法、合理地扣押冻结及妥善处理刑事涉案财物,是公安机关当前需要研究的课题。     

A Qualitative Assessment of Stress Perceptions Among Members of a Homicide Unit

Existing research on stress among police assumes the presence of uniform stressors across job roles and borrows upon generic stress instruments to tap stress types and levels. The present study draws upon interviews with 26 members of a metropolitan homicide unit to provide an inductive vantage point on stress perceptions within a specialized area of policing. We provide evidence that the occupational and organizational forms of stress detailed by these officers are shaped largely by the unique nature of homicide work. Among the unique task-related stressors observed include the complexities of homicide crime scenes, time pressures, cases assignment factors, paperwork demands, and long-term ownership over individual case files. A series of structural issues from both within and outside the police agency are identified as organizational stressors unique to homicide work. We conclude with a proposed theory of homicide investigator stress and implications for future research.     

The effect of alliance membership on national defense burdens, 1953–88: A test of Mancur Olson's theory of collective action

Olson and Zeckhauser (1966) offered the first theoretical explanation for variation in the defense burdens of allies. Since then, the theory of collective action (Olson, 1971 [1965]) has been extensively tested using the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Warsaw Pact (WTO). While most studies indicate that allied defense burdens (the ratio of military expenditures to gross domestic product) are correlated with economic size, this relationship has rarely been assessed for non‐allied states. Here we examine the association between national defense burdens and economic size, 1953–1988, for NATO, the WTO, the Rio Pact, and the Arab Collective Security Pact in a nested test using most of the non‐allied nations of the world as a control group. Our results generally support the theory. NATO and the Warsaw Pact consistently conform to theoretical expectations, and evidence regarding the Rio Pact, on balance, is positive. Defense burdens are not correlated with economic size within the Arab Pact, however. In addition, nations’ defense burdens are affected by the external threat, as indicated by arms races and war; but the effect of involvement in war is surprisingly small.     

扒窃的实质解释——以结果无价值为基本立场

刑法上的扒窃需要充分考虑刑法目的和罪刑法定原则进行实质解释.扒窃入罪的根据应站在结果无价值立场进行分析,这一根据正是甄别、筛选和归纳扒窃概念诸要素的实质理由.扒窃行为只有达到足以造成数额较大损失的程度才能认定为犯罪.依此,扒窃是指行为人在公共领域对一般人所携带财物实施的技术性盗窃行为.同时,刑法上扒窃不以财物“随身”携带和“秘密性”为必要条件.     

美国犯罪侧写人员的从业之路

犯罪侧写是源于美国的一种综合性侦查技术与方法,在司法实践中有着重要的作用。美国有着较为完备的侧写人员培养体系,对犯罪侧写人员有着严格的要求,即需要具备多学科的学历背景,丰富的司法实践经验,并且经过专业的侧写技能训练。探讨美国侧写人员的从业之路,将为中国侧写人员培养提供有价值的参考。     

刑事审讯的程序违法性透析——以刑事错案的成因为视角

程序性违法是刑事错案产生的重要原因之一。刑事审讯作为公安机关侦查办案中获取犯罪嫌疑人言词证据的重要方法和手段，受到公安机关和办案人员的高度重视。在“口供至上”的刑事办案理念的影响下，为了获取侦查破案的所谓“关键”证据，办案人员在刑事审讯时不惜违反程序法的相关规定。通过对刑事错案成因的考察可知，在刑事审讯过程中，较为典型的程序违法行为有：讯问地点违法、超期羁押、自创程序、假借合法程序名义非法讯问等等。强化办案人员的程序法定理念、确保刑事审讯的程序合法是预防刑事错案的良策之一。     

论社区矫正在刑罚中的运用

《中华人民共和国刑法修正案（八）》规定对判处管制、宣告缓刑、被假释的犯罪分子实施社区矫正,但对社区矫正如何执行并未做具体规定。针对社区矫正试点工作中存在的问题,应着重从社区矫正立法、执法理念及适用范围等方面,探讨如何进一步完善我国社区矫正制度。     

论犯罪事实叙述的苟简及其修正——以我国刑事判决书为例

我国当前刑事判决书中犯罪事实的叙述存在苟简的问题,主要表现为省略对犯罪目的的叙述、概括对犯罪地点的叙述和简化对犯罪行为、犯罪方法、犯罪经过的叙述。叙述犯罪事实的繁简标准是由判决书的本质特性和犯罪事实的实用功能决定的;犯罪事实的叙述模式受到传统制作理念和现实制作条件的影响;侧重借鉴大陆法系国家和我国古代判词制作的相关经验。     

行政机关执法主体不移交刑事案件的检察监督

行政机关执法主体不移交刑事案件的行政行为正处在人民检察院一般监督范围内,构建检察院监督行政执法主体不移交刑事案件的监督机制刻不容缓,其中,完善相关立法,建立行政执法与刑事司法相衔接的工作机制,调和行政机关自由裁量权与人民检察院法律监督权的矛盾是完善检察监督机制的有效保障。     

我国程序性辩护的现状和完善

在对抗式司法理念的指导下，加强犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的诉讼权利，强化其辩护权以及实现控辩双方平等武装成为刑事诉讼立法的焦点。伴随我国刑事诉讼理论研究的不断深入，程序公正在刑事诉讼法中地位的提高．程序性辩护逐渐进入立法者的视野。《刑事诉讼法修正草案》确认了程序性辩护制度，并构建了相应的配套机制．但是依然存在一定的缺陷，应当从构建司法审查制度和优化程序性制裁机制两个方面进一步予以完善。