贩毒案件中的诱惑侦查之合法性分析

当前,受国际毒潮的影响,我国的毒品犯罪形势日趋严峻,毒品消费以及毒品犯罪给社会造成的危害日益严重。鉴于贩毒案件的特殊性,在现实的迫切需要下,侦查部门在贩卖毒品案件侦查中开始适用诱惑侦查措施。国内关于诱惑侦查的合法性讨论较多,但少有结合具体案件实践分析适用诱惑侦查措施是否合法。在贩卖毒品案件中适用诱惑侦查措施有其必要性,从实体法、程序法角度看也具备合法性。     

未决诉讼中民事管辖权的冲突与协调

当同一案件由不同国家的法院分别受理的时候,就会产生管辖权的冲突。为解决未决诉讼中管辖权的冲突,世界各国采取了不同的方法,主要有先受理法院管辖、发布外国法院禁诉令、中止内国诉讼、当事人选择审判法院、前后诉继续进行等。根据国际法原理和民事诉讼法基本理论,对各种方法的利弊进行了分析,认为解决未决诉讼中管辖权冲突的方法应该采用先受理法院管辖原则,并辅之以专属管辖原则和不方便法院原则。     

独联体国家法院系统比较研究

在独联体国家中,政治体制不同的国家宪法文本中规定的内容则有很大的区别。对独联体国家中的政治体制不同的几个国家的法院系统在宪法文本规定层面上作一比较研究,通过对各国法院系统的结构、职权,法官的职责、权利、地位以及司法权和其他与司法相关的权利方面等方面进行的比较可发现这些比较研究对我国当今的司法制度有多方面的启示。     

On Correcting Biases in Self-Reports of Age at First Substance Use with Repeated Cross-Section Analysis

Household survey data on age at first use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana,and hard drugs can be biased due to sample selection and inaccuraterecall. One potential concern is attrition, whereby individuals who getinvolved with substance use at an early age become increasingly less likelyto be surveyed in successive years. A comparison of data from the NationalHousehold Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) with data from a longitudinal studysuggested that attrition might have caused substantially less bias thandid forward telescoping, the inflating of age at first useover time. The evidence of forward telescoping was particularly pronouncedwith respect to age at first use of alcohol. This paper presents a procedurefor correcting the distribution of age at first use for forward telescoping(but not attrition) by viewing a portion of the NHSDA data collected insuccessive years as constituting a cohort study. Results are presented fromapplying this procedure with NHSDA data collected from 1982 to 1995 forrespondents born 1968–1973. The findings suggest that preventionprograms need to be introduced at an earlier age than would be indicatedby uncorrected retrospective data. Other implications are alsohighlighted.     

Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Alcohol,Cigarette, and Marijuana Use During Adolescence

The purpose of this study was to increase the knowledge base of adolescent substance use by examining the influences of risk and protective factors for specific substance use, namely alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana. Participants included 271 adolescents and their primary caregivers referred for mental health services across North Carolina. A series of hierarchical multiple regressions showed that the relative influences of risk and protective factors differed depending on the target substance in some cases. History of parental felony predicted use of all 3 substances, although the direction of association was substance specific. Parental behavioral control (how families express and maintain standards of behavior) was predictive only of cigarette and marijuana use, not alcohol use. The different links among risk factors, protective factors, and specific substance use are discussed, and recommendations for both mental health and substance use professionals are offered.She received her M.A. in Psychology from Wake Forest University and is currently a doctoral student in Clinical Psychology at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Her major research interests include developmental pathways to aggressive behavior among females.An evaluator for the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, her major research interests include system of care intervention programming.She received her PhD in Clinical Psychology from Purdue University. Her major research interests include developmental psychopathology and early intervention.His research interests focus on youth violence and youth involved with the juvenile justice system.She received her PhD in Clinical Psychology from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Her research interests focus on early intervention with young children.     

Measurement Properties of the Communities That Care<Superscript>®</Superscript> Youth Survey Across Demographic Groups

Prevention science has produced information about risk and protective factors that predict adolescent drug use and related problem behaviors. This paper investigates the Communities That Care Youth Survey that measures multiple risk and protective factors. Using a sample of 172,628 students who participated in surveys administered in seven states in 1998, analyses were conducted to test the factor structure of these risk and protective factors and to test the equivalence of the factor models across five racial/ethnic groups (African Americans, Asians or Pacific Islanders, Caucasians, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans), four grade levels (6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th) and both gender groups. Results support the construct validity of the surveys risk and protective factor scales and indicate that the measures are equally reliable across males and females and five racial/ethnic groups. Implications of these findings for science-based prevention planning are discussed.     

Finger in the Dyke or the Floodgates Stemmed? Sections 29–40 of the Employment Act 2002

This article considers Sections 29–40 of the Employment Act 2002 in the context of post-War developments in labour relations culminating in the National Industrial Relations Court. It considers the development of Employment Tribunal which rather than being the last resort intended by the legislators, has become the first resort of complainants, often for trivial matters by employees; or by employers taking an extremely broad view of Gross Misconduct by employees. Due to the volume of cases and the shortage of Chairs, cases are constantly delayed and postponed. The article posits that these are the principle reason behind the framing of Sections 29–40 of the Employment Act 2002 which introduced a new Section 9(1)(a) into the Employment Tribunals Act 1995. This has given the Chair of an Employment Tribunal the authority to strike out a weak case at a Pre-Hearing Review that will strike the case out once and for all at this juncture. The aim is to encourage employers to have proper procedures and for employees to follow them. This article suggests that in fact the reforms will have the opposite effect; that they have introduced another layer of legal complexity which will further increase the number of cases brought before the Employment Tribunal.     

海洛因慢性依赖大鼠神经元一氧化氮合成酶变化

目的 研究海洛因药物滥用致脑神经细胞一氧化氮合成酶(ncNOS)表达的变化及法医学鉴定意义。方法 采用ncNOS免疫组织化学SP法、ncNOS mRNA原位分子杂交及图像分析技术,观察大鼠海洛因慢性依赖和自然戒断大脑皮质、中脑导水管周围灰质和中脑腹侧被盖区神经细胞ncNOS的变化和ncNOSmRNA的表达。结果 实验组神经细胞ncNOS含量和ncNOS mRNA表达比对照组明显增加,阳性细胞数明显增多;自然戒断组较慢性依赖组改变更加明显(P<0.05)。结论 ncNOS在海洛因慢性依赖和戒断中起重要作用,脑神经细胞ncNOS免疫组织化学变化可作为海洛因药物滥用法医学鉴定的形态学依据。     

毒品案件证据的法律适用--"毒品案件证据研究"课题组四川调研综述

毒品案件具有其自身的特殊性和侦查的特点,用事实推定原则来认定持有毒品人"明知".在证据尚不能证明行为人是为运输、贩卖时,才能按非法持有毒品罪论处;随时把证据固定下来用以证实犯罪,对技侦手段获取的证据,通过审批程序,步入法制化;对"特情"卧底取得的证据以变更方式处理.     

积极推进禁吸戒毒“外转内”工作努力实现社会面上无吸毒人员的目标

处在全国禁毒前沿的云南公安机关在总结 10多年来禁吸戒毒工作经验中由基层首创、并进行试点的基础上 ,走出了一条“外循环”转“内循环” ,实行劳动康复管理模式的禁吸戒毒工作新路子。自 2 0 0 1年全省推行对吸毒人员的收戒方式“外转内”以来 ,实践证明 :工作开展好的地方 ,通过全员收戒吸毒人员 ,实现社会面上无吸毒人员的目标 ,就能够遏制社会面上的毒品需求 ,有利于逐年减少吸毒人员 ,为创建“无毒县市”、“无毒乡镇”、“无毒社区”奠定良好的基础 ,促进整个禁毒斗争的顺利开展。