Recovery of DNA from Latent Fingerprint Tape Lifts Archived Against Matte Acetate

This study was driven by court order to examine methods to remove, extract, and STR‐type potential DNA entrapped between latent fingerprint lifting tape and matte acetate that was collected from a 1977 crime scene. Results indicate that recovery of appreciable quantities of DNA is more challenging once adhesive is attached to matte acetate cards and even more difficult when fixed following black powder enhancement. STR amplification of extracts from entrapped fingermarks collected following the dusting/lifting procedure did not produce robust profiles, and extraneous peaks not expressed by print donors were detected for some samples. A hearing was set to argue whether there was DNA remaining to be tested, and if so, whether that DNA could be exculpatory in this postconviction matter. The studies herein provided the basis for the court's decision to not require the testing.     

WOMEN'S GENDER PERFORMANCES AND CULTURAL HETEROGENEITY IN THE ILLEGAL DRUG ECONOMY

Based on interviews with 32 female drug dealers in Norway, this study investigates different gender performances among women situated in the illegal hard drug economy—a context with strong gendered “rules of the game.” Using grounded theory methods, I have identified four predominant patterns in which women enact their gendered identities being part of the drug economy: performing emphasized femininity in the context of marginalization; performing street masculinity; employing a feminine business model; and last, flexible use of cultural repertoires. The findings suggest that different gender performances among dealers are rooted in variations in the cultural tool kits they have at their disposal. I find that the content of women's cultural tool kits varied with three sociodemographic factors: 1) age, 2) time of entrée to the drug economy, and 3) educational and employment history. Combined, these influenced the type of gender performances the dealers tended to use as well as their position in the drug market hierarchy. The research suggests that those dealers using cultural repertoires flexibly are the most successful as they skillfully employed the model best suited for the context they were in.     

高职书记官专业法律类课程实训教学研究

高职书记官专业法律类课程是专业核心课程,为书记官专业人才培养目标实现提供必要的法律素养支撑.结合该专业人才培养需求和培养现状,探讨法律类课程实训的相关问题.     

THE VICTIMIZATION–TERMINATION LINK*

The life histories of drug dealers suggest that victimizations sometimes mark turning points toward the end of criminal careers, which is a criminologically important but neglected empirical connection that we label the “victimization–termination link.” We theorize this link thusly: When serious victimizations occur in the context of crime, a break from the customary provides an opportune situation for adaptation, and when victims have social bonds and agency, when they define the event as the result of their own criminal involvement, and when they find other adaptations unattractive, criminal‐victims are likely to adapt by terminating crime. We illustrate this desistance process with qualitative data obtained through interviews with young, middle‐class drug dealers. We conclude by exploring promising avenues for future work. It takes only a minute to change one's whole life course.     

从制度上保证人民陪审员真正享有刑事裁判权——论人民陪审员制度的完善

为保障人民陪审员真正享有刑事裁判权,就要发挥人民陪审员在价值判断方面的优势,人民陪审员参与审理的案件范围应当限定为需要价值判断的案件,即对定罪量刑存在争议或者可能判处被告人无期徒刑、死刑的案件;人民陪审员的任职资格应当降低,岗前培训应当取消,名额应当增加,工作量应当减少;审判组织应当扩大,审前准备程序应当完善,审判委员会的裁判权应当取消,评议程序应当充实。     

论法医学鉴定人出庭作证

本文探讨法庭作证的价值、方法。着重研究了法医学鉴定人的素质与鉴定结论的价值。最后息结指出只有高素质的法医学鉴定人才能承担新世纪的鉴定重任。使法庭作证永远走向成功。     

FAMILIES,COURTS, AND THE END OF LIFE: SCHIAVO AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FAMILY JUSTICE SYSTEM

The article discusses a proposed universal adoption of comprehensive family law subject matter jurisdiction, inclusive of end‐of‐life (EOL) cases, as articulated in the unified family court (UFC) concept. It posits, using the Schiavo matter to illustrate the difficulties inherent in EOL disputes, that contested EOL cases are unlike other civil court cases in that they involve intimate facts and emotionally laden family dynamics. As such, these cases pose a distinctive challenge for the courts. The article suggests that contested EOL cases should be heard in a UFC because UFCs include alternative dispute resolution (ADR) protocols to deescalate family strife with the goal of facilitating out‐of‐court settlements and that litigation is an imperfect solution for an EOL dispute. It is also noted that judges presiding in UFCs are more experienced in handling fractious family matters and thus they are more likely to avert protracted litigation if the matter is not settled via ADR.     

复方"连黄"对金黄色葡萄球菌耐药基因femA的影响

采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增金黄色葡萄球菌耐药基因femA;通过耐药基因失活试验,研究了中药复方"连黄"对金黄色葡萄球菌耐药基因femA的影响,探讨了中药"连黄"降低金黄色葡萄球菌对β-内酰胺类药物耐药性的作用机理。结果显示,中药"连黄"作用前后金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药基因femA在23~72碱基区发生较大改变,对应的氨基酸序列也发生改变,从而导致femA基因失活。     

我国强制证人出庭作证制度的构建

证人证言作为刑事诉讼中的证据类型之一,在认定案件事实方面起着重要作用。然而,在司法实践中我国的证人出庭率很低,严重影响了人民法院审判活动的顺利进行。探寻强制证人出庭作证规则及其相关的保障措施,提高证人出庭率,对于强化庭审功能有着重要意义。     

Alcohol concentration and the ability to form intent

The ability to form intent to commit a particular act is often a significant issue in criminal litigation. Often, a complicating factor in the resolution of this issue is the presence of ethanol and drugs in the individual whose motives are to be ascertained. To determine whether an intoxicating blood ethanol concentration (BAC) in the absence of other information is sufficient to establish intent, we reviewed cases investigated by the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, State of Maryland over a two-year period. Specifically, we identified cases of suicide with a suicide note, the presence of ethanol and the absence of other psychoactive drugs. The BACs ranged from 0.01 to 0.37 g/dL. The average BAC was 0.14 g/dL and the median BAC was 0.13 g/dL. Twenty-five of the 37 cases had a BAC greater than 0.08 g/dL. We conclude that a BAC alone is not sufficient to determine the capability of an individual to form intent to commit a particular act.