专利指标的经济学意义及其实践应用

目前我国已经形成了基于专利统计、专利文献、专利调查和政府行政管理的指标系统，但指标设计仍存在结构缺陷，突出表现为重创造、轻运用的情况，专利保护和服务指标亟待完善。社会公众不能准确把握指标内涵，对指标真实作用和决定要素缺乏准确认知。在专利指标使用方面，政府功能性评价能力强，学术运用能力弱，指标数据对专利经济学研究支持力度不足，反映市场竞争能力的企业专利指标失位。提倡从政府管理和学术研究两个层面加强基础指标的设计与利用，建立以指标分析为基础的专利经济学科全面提升专利对经济结构转型和创新驱动发展的激励作用。     

Can We Protect How We Do What We Do? A Consideration of Business Method Patents in Australia and Europe

In the long history of monopolies, business method patents area novel and recent edition. In the Digital Age, where time ismoney and speed is everything, innovative methods for undertakingbusiness are as important to a business as the products or servicesit provides to its clients. In recent years several reviews,conducted in both Australia and internationally,⁴ have questionedthe appropriateness of patenting business methods. This paperreviews the availability of business method patents in Australiain light of the 2006 decision of the Full Court of the FederalCourt in Grant v Commissioner of Patents,⁵ which confirmed theneed in Australia for a ‘useful product’ to issuefrom the working of a method (business or otherwise) in orderfor the method to be patentable. This paper will review argumentsboth criticising and defending business method patents and considerwhether business methods warrant special treatment.     

专利权不确定性是如何实现的

专利法的理论认知普遍将专利权不确定性理解为一种制度缺陷,并常有重构或改造的理论阐述。如果深入专利权的内在构造和运行机理,则可以发现事实并非如此。不确定性在专利权的市场运行过程中,实际上发挥着积极的体系功能,即淘汰不合格制度产品———专利权本身。不确定性缘起于人类对科技的认知规律,通由文本解释和无效程序的设计获致实现,整一过程呈现出专利制度追求秩序的自我更新能力。     

标准化中的专利挟持问题研究

标准制度与专利制度具有对立统一性,标准中的知识产权问题越来越复杂,专利挟持是标准与专利融合过程中最为根本的问题。专利挟持有多种表现形式,在美国就有不当披露专利信息,违反FRAND原则,违背前手承诺实施不正当竞争行为等里程碑式的判例。因此,应完善标准制定机构的自律监管机制,即事先披露原则,通过相对确定的FRAND原则,在法律诉讼程序之外建立可选择的ADR纠纷解决机制;由专利权人通过许可协议方式进行交叉许可,以市场为导向建立专利池;用反垄断法规制标准化中专利挟持。     

道路交通事故伤残等级重新鉴定改变结论100例分析

目的研究道路交通事故伤残等级重新鉴定中暴露出来的初次鉴定中存在的问题,探讨解决方法。方法收集自2009年至2010年经上海市司法鉴定中心重新鉴定改变结论的道路交通事故伤残等级评定案例100例,对结论改变原因及其存在问题进行分析。结果鉴定时机把握不当、法医临床学检验方法不当、法医临床学检验不全面、医学影像学资料阅读错误、标准条款适用不当、肢体功能丧失程度计算错误、鉴定人鉴定理念就高不就低及其它一系列问题是重新鉴定改变结论的主要原因。结论针对上述问题应该从严格执业纪律,强化重新鉴定的实施,加强行政管理和业务培训等方面进行改进。     

高智发明模式的价值链分析与启示

高智发明公司作为新型的专门经营发明业务的公司,目前已基本形成其内部价值链,而关于发明的稳固的产业价值链尚未形成,价值链与产业、市场密不可分,高智发明的经营模式启示我们建立一个发明资本市场.虽然目前仍存在包括专利海盗在内的诸多障碍,但建立发明资本市场是一个必然趋势.     

E-participation and e-participants: solving the patent ‘crisis’

One of the major planks of some visions for E-Gov is that there is a willing participatory group who are more than happy to be involved in new forms of democracy and will be active and useful suppliers of input to e-consultation or e-participation processes. This group is different from that which goes online to the government website and signs a petition asking the prime minister to resign. It is becoming clear, though, that the commitment to e-participation may well be there in theory, but difficult to access in practice. Further, the participation that is most welcome can frequently require training and expertise that is not widely available or there may be differences in opinion as to the point of participation. In this paper I will look to the attempts to encourage participation in the patent system. The UK has initiated a trial system utilising New York Law School's Peer-To-Patent project, but has also attempted to involve participants in previous consultation exercises. I will use these as demonstrations of the sorts of problems that e-participation has met, and consider whether this new form of E-Gov is perhaps being oversold. The interesting question is whether participation is a growing tool that can ensure better public services from the State. My conclusion is that consultation and participatory projects can demonstrate involvement and are certainly educative, but e-participatory projects are most likely incapable of achieving the goals set by their more optimistic advocates. The paper emphasises the patents field, but the lessons from it can – I suggest – be viewed as indicators having wider governance relevance. The primary point being made is that the technocratic view is always over-optimistic.     

论发挥政府作用化解专利权质押风险

中小企业经营过程中始终存在着资金的需求,专利权质押融资是中小企业现实的融资方式。专利权具有价值、使用价值和可转让性,然而,由于专利权质押融资风险大,融资难,不能满足中小企业发展需要,目前的制度不足以化解风险,鉴于中小企业具有公共产品的性质,政府有必要利用自己在信用、资金以及信息方面的优势,通过规范专利权评估、健全产权交易市场、提供信用担保,进行收益控制等手段,化解专利权质押风险,以促成中小企业融资。     

Reflection of the Examination System of Utility Model from Ineffective Patents:Empirical Research in Zhejiang Province

In recent years, China's utility model patent applications have been growing, yet the patent effective amount has not been keeping the same pace. There are still a lot of ineffective utility model patents. For this problem, this paper analyzes the ineffective patent information of Zhejiang Province and finds that most of the ineffective utility model patents are abnormal ineffective patents. Further detailed analysis shows that the root cause for the result is the low quality of the authorized utility model patent. The key factor that influences the authorized quality of utility model patent is the examination system of the utility model patent. The defects in relevant laws and regulations in the examination system of the utility model patent are the major obstacle to the actual realization of the requirements of the patent. On this basis, this paper compares the examination system of the utility model with those in other countries, draws lessons from them, and puts forward corresponding suggestions.     

影响发明或实用新型专利权稳定性的实质因素

有关专利权稳定性的问题，在实践中表现为：一方面是，申请人不正当地将不符合专利法要求的技术方案拿来申请并获得专利权；另一方面是，审查过程中，由于制度方面的因素，将不应当授权的技术方案错误地授予专利权，造成了劣质专利的泛滥。深入研究专利权稳定性问题，探索提高专利权稳定性的有效途径，具有重要的理论和现实意义。