Unitary regulatory supervision or multi-entity supervision? A computational approach to a numbers problem in financial regulation

Policymakers globally have debated (and often implemented) the idea of consolidating numerous financial regulatory supervisory entities into one unitary entity. This article uses a computational model to explore the effect such a decision would have on supervisory performance. Using insights from organizational scholarship on consensus-making among individuals within organizations, the simulation suggests that under most conditions a unitary supervisory entity yields lower performance than smaller, numerous entities with unique mandates, keeping the number of regulatory inspectors constant. This result arises from the heterogeneity of perspectives being shared within the entity and the influence of precedent actions. The results also show a decreasing utility to disaggregation: performance decreases when too few inspectors share among themselves in building consensus. When insufficient heterogeneity within supervisors exists, unitary frameworks outperform multi-entity frameworks. These findings have implications on the design of supervisory frameworks and contribute to research on consensus-building, heterogeneous group membership, and computational modeling.     

法官解释之方法智慧重述

审判的过程,需先对案件事实进行法律上的裁剪,继而以法律事实为据解释法律,重构审判规范。法官解释法律的方法智巧虽多,归根结底应服从于终极之目的解释。结合具体案件中的法律事实,法律经由文义、体系、法意、目的解释可以构造出适合个案的审判规范。     

Assessing Readiness to Change among Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence: Analysis of Two Self-report Measures

Recent interest in the construct of motivation to change among male perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) has led to development of two self-report measures of this construct: the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment for Domestic Violence (URICA-DV; Levesque et al. 2000) and the Safe at Home Inventory (SAH; Begun et al. 2003). We examined the internal structure of these instruments using confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses in a sample of 199 male IPV perpetrators waiting to begin court-mandated batterer intervention programs. Results indicated that the scales had adequate internal consistency. However, using confirmatory factor analyses, the hypothesized structural models of each instrument fit the data poorly. Subsequent models suggested by a series of exploratory factor analyses failed to improve model fit substantially for both scales. For the URICA-DV, a 3-factor model including items from the Precontemplation, Contemplation, and Action subscales fit the data adequately. No acceptable model fit could be found for the SAH. Intercorrelations among similar subscales across the two inventories suggested only a modest degree of intercorrelation (r’s = 0.16–0.52), and a factor structure more dependent on scale of origin than item latent content, suggesting that the scales assess different facets of the readiness to change construct. These results suggest that before the stages of change construct can be fully applied to the IPV area, more research and evaluation are needed on how to accurately assess abuser readiness to change.     

新中国成立初期国家与社会关系模式初探

国家与社会之间的关系问题是一个重要的社会理论和实践问题。新中国成立初期 ,国家政权通过财政汲取、社会关系的调控及合法性资源的开发等三条途径建立起了国家与社会关系的独特模式 :超强国家——极弱社会。     

对宁夏干部教育培训的思考

经过多年的培训教育,宁夏大部分干部,特别是领导干部为全区的三个文明建设起到了积极的作用。但面对新形势干部培训工作又将面临新的任务、新的要求、新的标准,还要作出新的努力。     

劳动预备制培训模式探讨

培训问题是劳动预备制实施的重点 ,同时 ,也是一大难点。为了建立、健全我国劳动预备制培训就业一体化的职业技能培训体系 ,必须把握劳动预备制培训学用一致的特点 ,遵从以技能训练为主、面向就业的原则 ,借鉴世界各国职业教育培训的经验 ,构建符合中国国情的 ,以职业活动为核心的阶梯式培训模式。     

以自主创新促进国民经济又好又快发展

创新型国家的实践昭示，创新对于经济增长的贡献率与日俱增，以创新依靠型取代资源依赖型增长模式业已成为发展路径的必然选择。资源性约束与增长模式惯性成为中国国民经济又好又快发展的巨大障碍：人均资源短缺，资源消耗量大，产出效率比较低。从广义的创新主体视域观之，首先应树立全社会致力于自主创新的自信心，妥善处理政府与企业的互动关系，充分发挥政府对于自主创新的主导作用，以及大力发挥企业作为自主创新的主体作用，最终实现我国经济发展模式由要素驱动型向创新驱动型的嬗变。     

社区管理模式之比较选择

社区研究必须研究社区管理模式。国外曾出现了三种主要的社区管理模式，由于国情不同，它们各具特点。现阶段我国城市社区管理尚处于探索发展时期，各地的实际情况也各不相同。因此，应在比较分析不同社区管理模式的适应性的基础上作出科学的选择。     

Survival analysis: A survey

This paper is a survey of statistical methods used to analyze the length of time until a specified event occurs. These models have often been used to analyze the survival times (i.e., time until death) of medical patients, and so the term survival analysis is natural. In criminology, the main application of these models has been to analyze the time until recidivism, but many other applications are possible. The paper summarizes the statistical literature on survival analysis, and describes its applications in criminology. The methods are illustrated by an application to the prediction of time until recidivism for a sample of North Carolina prison releasees.     

刍议税收基本法立法的几个基本问题

税收基本法已经正式列入了十届人大的立法规划。但由于在一些基本问题上还存在较多的疑问,本届人大能否 完成立法工作尚不可知。根据对税收基本法的立法必要性、立法模式与内容安排、税收基本法所要解决的重点与 难点问题的探讨,提出了作者自己的观点和建议。