关于"正义"的法哲学研究

法律应体现正义,对此应作出法哲学的历史考察。研究表明,对"正义"的追问必触及到其中关于"程序"与"伦理"的内在矛盾。要强调,"程序正义""伦理正义"的合理性,共同构成"法律合法性"的基础。总之,应当立足实际建设体现"程序正义""伦理正义"相统一的"正义之法"。     

论涉外案件处置的制约因素及解决路径

涉外案件处置中存在较多的制约因素,表现为法律法规尚不完备,现行法律法规关于涉外案件实体性和程序性权利设置不合理,涉外案件办案机制不健全。宜深化执法理念,构建完善的涉外案件处置法律体系,完善涉外案件警务合作机制;提高办案人员素质,增强办理涉外刑事案件的能力。     

论警察出庭作证的程序保障——以《波士顿警察局规则与程序规则320》为蓝本

警察出庭作证问题一直都是法学理论研究和司法实务界讨论的热点问题。我国警察出庭作证之所以存在障碍,一方面是由于刑事诉讼法对警察出庭作证问题规定的不够明确,另一方面是缺乏保障警察出庭作证的程序规则,从而造成警察不出庭理所当然的错误观念。在有关警察出庭作证的程序保障方面,立法比较成熟的美国可以给我们提供一个学习、借鉴的蓝本,特别是《波士顿警察局规则与程序规则320》。     

What Role for Human Rights in Business?

The Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) were endorsed by the United Nations Human Rights Council in June 2011, following the six‐year mandate of the Special Representative to the Secretary General (SRSG) on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises. The SRSG developed a framework comprised of three pillars: (1) States have a duty to protect against human rights abuses committed by third parties, including business enterprises; (2) business enterprises have a responsibility to respect human rights; and (3) victims of business‐related human rights abuses need access to effective remedies. In particular, guiding principle (GP) 11 provides that business enterprises should respect human rights, that is, they should avoid infringing on the human rights of others and address adverse human rights impacts with which they are involved. This article considers the implications of the Guiding Principles' framework for business; the continuing role of conventional accountability mechanisms in providing access to remedy for victims under the third pillar of the framework; and developments in ‘hard law', with a particular focus on the approach by the UK, since the introduction of the UNGPs, before turning, briefly, to the future for business and human rights.     

Fair treatment,fair play? The relationship between fair treatment perceptions,political trust and compliant and cooperative attitudes cross-nationally

Obtaining citizens’ voluntary compliance with political decisions is a fundamental democratic challenge. Fair treatment by public officials plays a key role in theoretical and empirical studies on citizens’ compliance and cooperation. Yet it is unclear whether citizens within different societies react to (un)fair treatment in the same way. Using multilevel structural equation modelling and multilevel regression analysis on the European Social Survey 2010–2 (N = 52,458), this article shows that perceptions of fair treatment by police officers are associated with higher levels of trust in political institutions and in turn stronger compliant and cooperative attitudes of citizens in 27 countries. Yet the link between perceptions of unfair treatment and institutional trust is stronger in countries in which fair behaviour is more prevalent. While fair treatment is often considered to be a universal norm affecting citizens in a uniform way, this article sheds light on important cross-national variations.     

Regulating Autonomy: An Assessment of Policy Language for Highly Automated Vehicles

Self‐driving cars (also known as driverless cars, autonomous vehicles, and highly automated vehicles [HAVs]) will change the regulatory, political, and ethical frameworks surrounding motor vehicles. At the highest levels of automation, HAVs are operated by independent machine agents, making decisions without the direct intervention of humans. The current transportation system assumes human intervention though, including legal and moral responsibilities of human operators. Has the development of these artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomous system (AS) technologies outpaced the ethical and political conversations? This paper examines discussions of HAVs, driver responsibility, and technology failure to highlight the differences between how the policy‐making institutions in the United States (Congress and the Public Administration) and technology and transportation experts are or are not speaking about responsibility in the context of autonomous systems technologies. We report findings from a big data analysis of corpus‐level documents to find that enthusiasm for HAVs has outpaced other discussions of the technology.     

儿童利益最大化原则在学前教育立法中的落实

在学前教育立法中落实儿童利益最大化原则,应以明确儿童利益最大化原则的合理内涵为前提条件,以在立法中列举评判儿童最大利益的各项要素为重要内容,以建立程序性机制为重要保障。我国《学前教育法草案》还存在弱化儿童利益最大化原则地位、评估儿童最大利益的考量因素过少、缺乏儿童利益最大化原则的程序性保障等不足。我国应当在学前教育立法中凸显儿童利益最大化原则的法律地位,明确儿童最大利益的评估标准与确定机制,制定落实儿童利益最大化原则的程序性机制。     

论国家公务人员监督过失责任追究机制的构建——从矿难事故中刑事责任的追究切入

在我国矿难等生产安全责任事故中，存在着司法机关对监督过失者无法追究或者很少追究刑事责任的司法错位，造成了安全生产事故防控的困难和罪刑的失衡。化解这一司法困境的进路是借鉴监督过失理论，构建我国的国家公务人员监督过失责任追究机制。具体建议为：其一，设立业务监督过失罪和职务监督过失罪；其二，在监督过失犯罪中增设资格刑和罚金刑；其三，在司法中适用“信赖原则”限制司法权力滥用；其四，在诉讼程序上实行“举证责任倒置”。     

论公司社会责任的司法实践——从公益诉讼角度谈我国公司社会责任司法实践的完善

公司社会责任是公司在追求利润最大化的同时对社会应尽的责任。我国公司社会责任的实体法规定相对完善,而在诉讼法领域却一直缺少与实体规定相对应的救济程序,导致公司违反社会责任,对社会公共利益构成危害时没有合适的诉讼程序对其进行追究,因此,构建公益诉讼程序应是完善我国公司社会责任司法实践的重要步骤。依据我国具体国情,应从立法和实务操作上分别着手,改革我国的诉讼结构,构建公益诉讼制度,以期增加公司社会责任的可诉性,把公司社会责任真正落实到司法实践中。     

Analysis of the Identification of Decriminalization of Loan Defrauding from the Perspective of Self－Responsibility Benchmark

The current criminal law on loan defrauding is flawed. It requires reflection and improvement. On the basis of an empirical research into the precedent loan defrauding cases, under the guidance of the self－responsibility theory, this article advocates the timely decriminalization of the borrower as the victim and calls to account the lender’s legal responsibility. Legal enforcement on negative responsibility and the practical criminal law interpretation provides support for this measure. The rationale of the decriminalization of the borrower and the legal responsibility of the lender should be ensured according to the principle of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified purpose, instead of any arbitrary expansion of its application. Its purport is to seek an effective path for the balance and coordination between the borrower and the lender in their interest relationship, so as to solve actual problems such as financing difficulties in practice, which is a comprehensive and effective protection for both sides’ legal interests, and is an innovation and harmonious development of the socialist market economy in our country.