IMA和H-FABP在心源性猝死法医学诊断中的应用

急性心肌缺血的发生是心源性猝死的最常见原因,而如何认定早期急性心肌缺血是法医学研究的热点,同时也是临床预防心肌梗死发生的重要环节。本文通过对缺血修饰白蛋白(ischemia modified albumin,IMA)和心型脂肪酸结合蛋白(heart-type fatty acid binding protein,H-FABP)的结构、功能、临床应用价值及法医学中的应用前景进行综述,旨在分析二者是否可作为早期心肌缺血的生化检测指标用于心源性猝死的诊断,并为今后选择心源性猝死的科研方向提供借鉴。     

Mapping current issues in administrative justice: austerity and the ‘more bureaucratic rationality’ approach

This article critically reviews recent developments in the administrative justice system; in particular, it considers three key themes: improving initial decisions; administrative review; and the future of tribunals. In each of these areas, some aspects of administrative justice work well, but austerity has presented acute challenges in ensuring the fair and just treatment of people through restrictions upon legal aid; the withdrawal of some appeal rights; and the expansion of administrative review. Consequently, the system is moving away from a ‘legal’ model of administrative justice to the ‘bureaucratic rationality’ model, which focuses upon accurate and efficient implementation. However, the reality does not correspond with the goals of the model. Rather than accurate and efficient implementation of policy, what we find is poor decision-making made by junior officials with insufficient quality controls. Digitising tribunals may have potential benefits in terms of increased accessibility. Nonetheless, the prospects for administrative justice are weak.     

胰岛素中毒法医学研究进展

胰岛素作为一种临床上常见的降血糖药物,可以有效控制糖尿病患者血糖,使之维持在正常范围。但过量胰岛素可导致死亡,其中以意外中毒最多见,其次为自杀,胰岛素他杀虽极为罕见,但值得高度重视。胰岛素中毒致死的法医学鉴定极为困难,虽然相关研究已取得一定的进展,但在法医学实践中,这类案件仍然是一大难题。本文从法医病理学的角度,对胰岛素中毒的死亡机制、病理学改变、检测手段、注意要点及诊断要点进行综述,为法医学实践提供帮助。     

Violence prevention in psychiatry: an umbrella review of interventions in general and forensic psychiatry

Relative risks of violence in psychiatric patients are high compared to the general population and existing evidence in non-psychiatric populations may not translate to reductions in violence in psychiatric populations. We searched 10 databases including Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and Scopus, from inception until August 2015 for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of violence prevention interventions in psychiatry. Reviews were included if they used a hard outcome measure (i.e. police or hospital recorded violence, or reincarceration) and contained randomized or non-randomized controlled studies. Five reviews met our inclusion criteria (n = 8876 patients in total), of which four received a GRADE rating of ‘low’ or ‘very low’. Three randomized studies (n = 636) reported that therapeutic community interventions may reduce reincarceration in drug-using offenders with co-occurring mental illness (‘moderate’ GRADE rating). The lack of intervention research in violence prevention in general and forensic psychiatry suggests that interventions from non-psychiatric populations may need to be relied upon.     

司法审查正当性的证成路径及其评析

对于美国宪政结构中司法审查与民主的悖论问题,西方学界致力于改造传统多数主义的民主观念并提出相应的宪法解释技术来论证司法审查的正当性,这表现为伊利的程序性民主与司法监督、德沃金的合宪性民主与道德解读、波斯纳的精英式民主与实用主义审判、哈贝马斯的协商式民主与程序主义司法等诸多具有代表性的理论范式。事实上,司法审查的正当性证成不能仅仅依靠重构民主观念的外部论证来实现,还需要依靠法官精湛的判决论证技术的内部路径来提升。这说明司法审查与民主的悖论是宪政结构中构成性的内在矛盾,而司法审查与民主的互动则是宪政具有生命力的内在源泉。     

特别权力关系与司法审查

特别权力关系是社会生活中客观存在的一个领域,它与一般法律相比有自己的特殊性,突出表现在它与司法审查的关系上。特别权力关系理论对司法审查采取了一般性的排斥态度,凸现其局限性。随民主、法治、宪政潮流之进展,司法审查适度介入传统特别权力关系领域已成为一种必然趋势。为此,既与法治潮流相适应,又吸取特别权力关系理论科学成分的"重要性"理论是值得借鉴的。作为司法审查介入的应对,我国在引进和完善"重要性"理论的同时,应当明确赋予学校等事业单位行政主体资格,加大内部管理规则的审查力度,在行政法上率先确立判例制度。     

试论程序辩护

程序辩护是刑事诉讼民主、文明的体现,在我国,无论诉讼理论还是司法实践对程序辩护的关注明显不足。因此有必要对程序辩护的涵义、内容、价值作深入分析,进而提出完善程序辩护的对策建议。     

美国怀俄明州刑法述评--以比较法为视角

美国的法律在试图向法典化迈进的征途中被深深地打上了其固有的英美法系传统的烙印,怀俄明州刑法一方面向法典化迈出一大步,另一方面也深深地烙上了美国实用主义文化的烙印.本文概述了该州刑法的主要内容,从比较法的角度上指出迈向法典化中的问题;同时指出法律规范是民族文化的积淀,两大法系的立法模式及其运作孰优孰劣,有待于法律运行的实效去检验,移植一项法律制度更为重要的是培育该制度赖以生根发芽的文化土壤.     

论对内部人事管理行为的行政复议

行政机关的内部人事管理行为对公务员的权益产生重大影响,但现行的内部行政救济体制并不足以维护公务员的合法权益,引入新的救济机制势在必行.行政复议相对于行政申诉与行政诉讼有着诸多制度结构和制度属性上的优势,行政复议在内部行政救济中可以而且应该起到主导作用.     

人民监督员制度有关问题探析

人民监督员制度体现了司法民主,是修补现存制度性缺陷的有意义的努力。该制度在监督员的构成、监督范围、监督员组织形式、监督程序的设置等方面均有值得进一步研究的问题。建议通过立法确认和加强人民监督员制度的外部性,并实行监督意见附卷移送制度。