创伤性脑损伤后生物分子标志物的研究进展

创伤性脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)是指机械性外力作用于头部时发生的损伤,导致一个或者多个病变,如颅内损伤、神经病学或者神经心理学改变、意识障碍或者死亡。TBI可因直接打击、缺血缺氧性脑损伤、炎性介质、细胞因子及氧自由基等机制诱发神经元死亡。TBI发生发展过程中产生了大量生物分子标志物,深入研究TBI后生物分子标志物的变化及其规律,对法医学鉴定及临床治疗都有重大意义。本文结合相关文献概述了TBI相关生物分子标志物的研究进展,为寻找更精确的与TBI诊断相关的生物分子标志物提供参考依据。     

中国汉族6～18周岁人群牙齿生长发育的地区差异研究

目的探讨中国汉族儿童及青少年下颌恒牙钙化程度不同地区间的差异,为相关研究提供依据。方法根据牙齿钙化的分级标准,对来自广东、河南、陕西、黑龙江、重庆地区11275张(男5499张,女5776张)6～18周岁汉族儿童及青少年全口曲面断层影像片中下颌左侧恒牙钙化程度进行分级评分;评分数据使用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计处理,分性别及年龄段用非参数独立样本检验两两比较上述地区儿童及青少年牙齿生长发育的差异。结果下颌左侧各恒牙钙化分级值存在地区间差异(P0.05),差异最大的为尖牙。结论中国汉族儿童及青少年牙齿发育存在着地区差异;在建立相关利用牙齿钙化程度推断年龄的方程模型时,最好分地区建模。     

Classification of Asphyxia: The Need for Standardization

Abstract: The classification of asphyxia and the definitions of subtypes are far from being uniform, varying widely from one textbook to another and from one paper to the next. Unfortunately, similar research designs can lead to totally different results depending on the definitions used. Closely comparable cases are called differently by equally competent forensic pathologists. This study highlights the discrepancies between authors and tries to draw mainstream definitions, to propose a unified system of classification. It is proposed to classify asphyxia in forensic context in four main categories: suffocation, strangulation, mechanical asphyxia, and drowning. Suffocation subdivides in smothering, choking, and confined spaces/entrapment/vitiated atmosphere. Strangulation includes three separate forms: ligature strangulation, hanging, and manual strangulation. As for mechanical asphyxia, it encompasses positional asphyxia as well as traumatic asphyxia. The rationales behind this proposed unified model are discussed.     

早产和胎盘早剥的损伤程度鉴定(附1例分析)

本文从1例孕妇的损伤程度鉴定着手,对《人体重伤鉴定标准》的第78条、第45条、第92条等条款的应用进行研究,结合案情对现行标准应用误区进行分析,提出症结所在,为了保证鉴定结论的质量,对《人体重伤鉴定标准》进行完善和修改势在必行。     

颈椎损伤的伤残等级及“三期”法医学评定——附64例分析

目的探讨交通事故致颈椎损伤后伤残等级和休息、护理、营养时限的法医学鉴定,以及颈部损伤、原有疾患与后遗症之间因果关系法医学鉴定的原则与方法。方法收集64例颈椎损伤的伤残等级鉴定案例,对相关资料/数据进行统计分析。收集交警部门反馈的涉及伤病关系案件的处理结果,了解案件双方当事人对鉴定结论的认可程度。结果随着对颈椎损伤后伤残评定案件中原发病的认识逐渐增加,相应颈椎损伤涉及伤病关系鉴定的案件也日益增多;在受理的颈椎损伤伤病关系案件中,均按照伤病关系理论进行鉴定,案件处理机关（交通警察）以及双方当事人对鉴定结论均表示满意。结论对于各种颈椎损伤进行伤残等级和“三期”鉴定的案例,由于损伤机制不同,自身原有颈椎健康程度不同,所造成的后果也不尽相同,鉴定中应考虑原有疾病对伤残等级的影响。     

网络环境下学位论文管理模式探讨

我省高校学位论文管理方面由于缺乏总体上的规划和协调,图书馆与各院系资料室缺乏横向联系,形成“条块分割,各自为政”的局面,造成了学位论文资源的极大浪费,降低了学位论文作为信息情报源的作用。开发学位论文数据库有利于学位论文长期保存、有效利用与信息资源共享。学位论文数据库的建立应当与CALIS数据库在数据规范、检索入口等方面保持一致,利用FTP方式远程获取学位论文全文及其相关信息,选择TRS系统作为全文信息管理软件,选择UNIX操作系统作为TRS的软件平台,SUNE3500为硬件平台。     

A Unique Fatal Moose Attack Mimicking Homicide

Fatalities caused by animal attacks are rare, but have the potential to mimic homicide. We present a case in which a moose attacked and killed a woman who was walking her dog in a forest. Autopsy showed widespread blunt trauma with a large laceration on one leg in which blades of grass were embedded. Flail chest was the cause of death. The case was initially conceived as homicide by means of a riding lawn mower. A review of the case by moose experts and analyses of biological trace material that proved to originate from moose, established the true source of injury. The dog probably provoked a moose, which, in response, stomped and gored the victim to death. The injuries resembled those previously reported from attacks by cattle and water buffalo. Fatal moose attacks constitute an extremely rare threat in boreal areas, but can be considered in traumatic deaths of unknown cause.     

量刑根据论——对《刑法》第61条的解读

<刑法>第61条对量刑根据作了规定,但其内涵的不确定给了自由裁量权巨大空间.只有结合定罪的基本内容及其作用,逐字解读第61条,明确犯罪的事实、犯罪的性质、情节和对于社会的危害程度的内涵,才能缩小量刑偏差.     

被打伤者心理卫生状况的初步研究

目的　初步探索被打伤者的心理特点 ,并提出相应的干预措施。方法　对 1998年 5月至 6月期间到北京市高级人民法院法医门诊鉴定的被打伤者进行一般情况调查和SCL - 90量表的评定 ,将被打伤者的评定结果与正常人进行比较 ,然后分组比较。结果　被打伤者SCL - 90各因子分均显著高于正常人 ;除敌对因子分外 ,损伤程度不同的被打伤者之间SCL - 90各因子分无显著差别 ;伤后时间短的被打伤者抑郁、焦虑因子分高 ,伤后时间长的被打伤者敌对、偏执因子分高。结论　被打伤者心理不健康 ,伤后时间不同的被打伤者心理特点不同 ,应针对此情况制定不同的干预措施。     

History of Traumatic Abuse and HIV Risk Behaviorsin Severely Mentally Ill Substance Abusing Adults

Epidemiological studies in the United States estimate HIV seroprevalence rates ranging between 4% and 23% for serious mentally ill adults (SMIA; i.e., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other chronic disorders with psychotic features), with substantially greater estimates for risky sexual behaviors. Among the most consistent factors linked to HIV risk in non-SMIA populations is a history of emotional, physical, or sexual abuse. The current study examined the intersection of abuse history and HIV sexual risk behavior in SMIAs with a group of men (n = 64) and women (n = 115) recruited from eight geographically diverse and representative clinical sites around Florida. A cross-sectional interview revealed a high prevalence of alcohol and other drugs problems, as well as a history of emotional, physical, or sexual abuse in 75% of the participants, with 68% of these reporting multiple types of abuse. Compared to nonabused counterparts, those with a history of abuse reported significantly greater: (a) lifetime and current psychiatric symptoms, (b) recent unprotected sexual intercourse, and (c) crack cocaine, heroin, and marijuana use. No gender differences were detected in the associations of abuse history and sexual risk behaviors. These results underscore the need for HIV prevention efforts targeted to SMIAs and the critical importance of addressing abuse history in interventions with this underserved population.