论保险业集中度的演变及其对策

从演进趋势看,发达国家保险业集中度较高,这是由竞争规律决定的。然而,发展中国家保险业的集中度却呈现逐渐降低的趋势。由于历史原因,中国保险业的集中度一直过高,这不利于中国保险业竞争力的提升。可通过降低保险市场的进入壁垒和引进民营资本等途径降低中国保险业的集中度。     

对临床法医鉴定结论影响因素的探讨

鉴定结论作为法定的诉讼证据之一,它的正确与否,对案件的正确处理起着举足轻重的作用。对各种有关人身伤害案件和事故,因调解赔偿和裁定处理的需要,都要求进行临床法医学鉴定。本文通过对影响鉴定结论的五个方面因素进行了探讨,以期更好地为司法实践服务。     

检察机关量刑建议制度若干问题探讨

量刑建议制度是根据求刑权设置的用以确保罪刑统一的相关制度,建立健全量刑建议制度,对保障量刑公正、增强检察监督、防范司法腐败、提高诉讼效率都有十分重要的意义。     

87例大脑及脑干挫伤HSP70变化的研究

目的探讨人大脑及脑干挫伤后神经细胞HSP70变化与损伤时间的关系及大脑与脑干HSP70变化的差异。方法对87例闭合性颅脑损伤死亡脑挫伤组织进行病理学及HSP70免疫组织化学染色,结果进行图像分析。结果脑挫伤24h后.HSP70阳性神经细胞最多见,且免疫反应性最强,随后逐渐下降,14d组及30d组HSP70表达与对照组类似。脑挫伤部位可见较多HSP70阳性的淀粉样小体。图像分析显示大脑与脑干HSP70阳性细胞3个参数(A、IOD及AOD)之间呈高度显著正相关或显著正相关,由高至低排列为:A>IOD>AOD。结论神经细胞HSP70免疫组化染色结合图像分析技术作为推断脑挫伤经过时间的参考,大脑与脑干挫伤后神经细胞HSP70变化规律基本一致,但脑挫伤灶周围淀粉样小体形成的意义有待于进一步研究。     

Assessment of post-mortem submersion interval using total aquatic decomposition scores of drowned human cadavers

Investigating drowning-related deaths remains a significant problem for forensic personnel all over the world. The previously published decomposition scoring method like the total aquatic decomposition (TAD) score promises to estimate the correct post-mortem submersion interval (PMSI) in aquatic habitats through the assessment and calculation of the decomposition rate and accumulated degree days (ADD). The current study comprised of 53 drowned death cases belonging to various districts of Haryana from May 2016 to August 2017. The regression and Pearson's correlation indicated a significant correlation between the TAD scores and the actual ADD (calculated through water temperatures) (r² = 0.917) and between the actual and the estimated ADDs (calculated through TAD scores used by Heaton et al. [21]) (r = 0.9585). The results indicated that the estimated ADD tends to over predict the PMSI compared to the actual ADD. It is further confirmed by paired t-test, which showed the mean of actual ADD (mean = 349) to be significantly lower than the mean of estimated ADD (mean = 663). Moreover, these methods will help forensic investigators and researchers formulate region-specific regression equations for PMSI estimation.     

女子院校女性学学科建设回顾

高校的女性学学科建设尚处于起步阶段,女子院校的女性学建设担负着重要的使命,在学科建制与学科内在规范的建立方面均有了一定的发展,学术合法化日益受到重视,从国家政策及教育机构的支持角度看,其社会合法化正逐步提高,系所、专业及学科的设立使得其行政合法化也有了实质的推进,但在政策投入力度、学理探讨、机制深化、学科课程设置以及跨校合作等方面亟待解决的问题还很多。     

VARIETIES OF VIOLENT BEHAVIOR

There is an implicit assumption of homogeneity across violent behaviors and offenders in the criminology literature. Arguing against this assumption, I draw on three distinct literatures [child abuse and neglect (CAN) and violence, violence and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and CAN and PTSD] to provide a rationale for an examination of varieties of violent behaviors. I use data from my prospective cohort design study of the long‐term consequences of CAN to define three varieties of violent offenders using age of documented cases of CAN, onset of PTSD, and first violent arrest in a temporally correct manner [CAN → to violence, CAN → PTSD → violence (PTSD first), and CAN → violence → PTSD (violence first)], and a fourth variety, violence only. The results illustrate meaningful heterogeneity in violent behavior and different developmental patterns and characteristics. There are three major implications: First, programs and policies that target violence need to recognize the heterogeneity and move away from a “one‐size‐fits‐all” approach. Second, violence prevention policies and programs that target abused and neglected children are warranted, given the prominent role of CAN in the backgrounds of these violent offenders. Third, criminologists and others interested in violence need to attend to the role of PTSD, which is present in about one fifth (21 percent) of these violent offenders, and not relegate the study of these offenders to the psychiatric and psychological literatures.     

Comparative Analysis of Insect Succession Data from Victoria (Australia) Using Summary Statistics versus Preceding Mean Ambient Temperature Models

Minimum postmortem interval (mPMI) can be estimated with preceding mean ambient temperature models that predict carrion taxon pre‐appearance interval. But accuracy has not been compared with using summary statistics (mean ± SD of taxon arrival/departure day, range, 95% CI). This study collected succession data from ten experimental and five control (infrequently sampled) pig carcasses over two summers (n = 2 experimental, n = 1 control per placement date). Linear and exponential preceding mean ambient temperature models for appearance and departure times were constructed for 17 taxa/developmental stages. There was minimal difference in linear or exponential model success, although arrival models were more often significant: 65% of linear arrival (r² = 0.09–0.79) and exponential arrival models (r² = 0.05–81.0) were significant, and 35% of linear departure (r² = 0.0–0.71) and exponential departure models (r² = 0.0–0.72) were significant. Performance of models and summary statistics for estimating mPMI was compared in two forensic cases. Only summary statistics produced accurate mPMI estimates.     

基于收入差别的农村公共服务需求偏好与满意度研究

本文以收入差别为逻辑起点,对当前我国农村公共服务需求偏好进行研究发现:现阶段我国农村养老、子女教育和医疗保障服务的需求愿望较为强烈,且生活类公共服务需求愿望强于生产类公共服务需求;随着收入的增加,保障型公共服务需求递减,发展型公共服务需求递增;在农村公共服务满意度方面,高收入群体对公共服务的满意度总体上高于低收入群体。这一研究发现蕴涵三方面的公共政策取向:一是当前完善农村公共服务体系的重点是公众需求强烈的子女教育、医疗保障、养老等基本民生领域;二是在对农村公共服务供给结构组合中,优先保证公众生活类公共服务需求,同时尽力满足公众发展型公共服务需求;三是在农村公共服务供给项目选择上,优先保证低收入群体的公共服务需求。