减税降费对城镇居民消费差距的影响——基于价格效应的消费行为分析

通过研究不同收入水平城镇居民的消费需求弹性和减税降费带来的价格效应，文章综合分析减税降费对城镇居民消费差距的影响。结果表明：城镇居民各类消费的边际支出份额并不必然与收入水平之间呈现线性关系，且消费行为在不同收入水平之间存在异质性；增值税税率下调能有效降低投入产出部门的成本和价格，促进城镇居民各类消费价格指数下降，其中卫生、社会工作和社会保障部门的价格下降效应在服务业中表现较为突出，推动医疗保健消费价格的降低，进而减少城镇居民相应的支出负担；减税降费从整体上能够有效改善城镇居民消费差距，但仍需密切关注中等收入户与低收入户之间的消费差距。鉴于此，相关政策的落实可以从提高公共服务均等化、落实减税降费效果和完善消费税制度等方面进行，以缓解消费差距问题。     

欧洲民法典草案消费者撤回权制度研究

基于保护消费者免于遭受侵略性商业行为、去除跨境、在线交易障碍,以及保护复杂合同下处于信息弱势之消费者之目的,欧洲民法典草案明确规定了消费者撤回权制度,并对消费者撤回权概念、适用范围、行使方式、期限、告知义务及效果等作了规定。民法典中规定消费者撤回权,体现了民法理念从形式正义到实质正义,民法主体从抽象人格到具体人格、从强而智到弱而愚者的转变。欧洲民法典草案撤回权制度对我国相关制度的完善具有重大借鉴意义。     

Attitudes towards police use of consumer/private DNA databases in investigations

Consumer DNA products, such as databases that allow the public to explore familial relationships, have recently been used by police to assist in investigations. This has moved the collection of DNA used in criminal investigations away from the limitations of criminal databases and has opened up ethical concerns regarding privacy and consent. This study explored public attitudes and support towards police use of consumer DNA databases in investigations to assess whether different crime types or moral and attitude alignments influenced the level of public support of police using these consumer products. An international survey of 438 adults, using theory and scales pertaining specifically to retributive punishment and attitudes towards law, courts and police, found that moral alignment and attitudes did influence the level of public acceptability towards police usage of these techniques and that support did vary based on crime type. This research found that higher levels of public support was given for the most serious case types explored (sexual assault and homicide). Participant support for police access to private DNA databases by case type was as follows; 83.5% for sexual assault, 83.2% for homicide, 85.2% for identifying unidentified human remains, 62.8% for robbery and 58.9% for illicit drug related cases. Small to medium effects sizes were observed for these results. Although these findings provided context towards public attitudes, further research specific to international attitude differences and variance between serious crime types and public acceptability could further develop these findings.     

以邓小平为代表的马克思主义消费经济思想研究

以邓小平为代表的马克思主义消费经济思想,是我国改革开放以来的消费指导思想。其核心是在差别消费中走向共同富裕。以邓小平为代表的马克思主义消费经济思想为指导对消费体制进行的一系列改革,引发了我国消费水平的历史性跨越。     

简论品牌意识的研究

品牌意识是消费心理学中的一个重要概念,在我国,关于品牌意识的研究还相对较少。现有研究存在的主要问题在于较少从发生、发展的角度研究品牌意识,对影响品牌意识的因素尤其是广告的作用探讨不足,对品牌意识与消费决策的关系探讨不足。将来应对这些方面进行深入研究,以适应现代社会经济发展的需要。     

论经济法主体

法律部门的主体制度是基于部门法独立的调整对象、调整任务而以独特的视角建立起来的 ,同一社会实体或个人在不同的法律关系中享有不同的权利义务 ,从而成为各部门法的主体。据此 ,经济法主体可表述为政府、经营者、消费者三类。     

加入WTO对国内消费热点的影响

2002年以来,我国国民经济快速发展,城乡居民收入水平稳步提高,居民消费心理稳定,消费结构也随之升级。以住宅、汽车为主,以家居装饰、电脑电信、教育和旅游为辅的新一轮消费浪潮正在形成。加入WTO后,对消费热点将产生一定的影响。     

电子商务与消费者权益保护

本文首先分析了我国电子商务发展与消费者权益保护中存在的问题,然后介绍了美国、日本、韩国等在电子商务中保护消费者权益的有关法律法规和主要做法,最后对我国在电子商务发展过程中保护消费者权益方面提出了建议。     

Interacting with Consumer Advocates

This article explores the role of consumer advocacy. Those involved in public policy formation and administration – regulators, governments and other public policy makers – share an interest in effective consumer advocacy. Those who make our laws, as well as those who are custodians of its adjudication, compliance, monitoring and enforcement, share a common position with many consumer advocates – they all work to advance the long‐term interests of consumers.     

国际航空产品责任法律问题研究

在国际社会人本化趋向下,以产品缺陷为诉因的航空产品责任争议诉讼是保护消费者权益的重要途径,在平衡产品制造商、航空公司和消费者三者综合利益的基础上,我国未来航空产品责任立法应以保护人权和尊重人的生命价值为中心,侧重保护航空运输消费者的利益,进而促进航空产业的发展。