RyR2相关心脏性猝死的研究进展

雷诺定受体2(ryanodine receptor 2,RyR2)是心肌细胞肌浆网上主要的钙释放通道,主要参与心肌的兴奋收缩耦联过程,其基因突变及调控异常可导致心肌舒张期钙漏引起心律失常,甚至猝死。本文重点综述RyR2基因突变及调控异常引起心脏性猝死的机制,并对以后的研究提出建议,旨在为心脏性猝死的法医学诊断提供一种新的思路。     

死亡人体胸肌组织中rRNA亚基的稳定性评价

目的观察尸体胸大肌组织中rRNA各亚基表达水平的死后稳定性,探讨其在死亡时间推断中应用的价值。方法选取6例（3例成人、3例婴幼儿）外界温、湿度环境基本一致、死亡时间基本一致（24h以内）的个体,提取左侧胸大肌组织,在PBS缓冲液中低温冻存,分别在尸检即刻、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10d提取微量组织保存于RNA固定液中,通过实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测rRNA 5srRNA、5.8srRNA、18srRNA、28srRNA亚基的表达水平。并分析年龄、死因对rRNA亚基表达水平的影响。结果死后各时间点rRNA各亚基的表达随死后经过时间延长无显著性降解,Ct值变化与死后经过时间无相关性（P值均大于0.05）,其中5s rRNA在18.503±2.655~20.937±2.340之间,5.8s rRNA在17.687±3.011~20.617±2.204之间,18s rRNA在16.457±3.920~22.330±2.571之间,28s rRNA在15.077±6.051~22.207±2.685之间。结论人体胸肌组织中rRNA各亚基稳定性好,其各亚基的表达量与死因、年龄无关,适于作为晚期死亡的推断的内参基因。     

论兼采扶养丧失说与继承丧失说之可行性——对死亡赔偿中消极损害内容的再澄清

对于死亡赔偿中消极损害的内容,我国学界一般认为有扶养丧失说与继承丧失说两种不同的模式,并且这两种模式相互排斥,不能并存。这一看似合理、并有各国立法例支持的认识实际上存在很大问题。事实上,兼采扶养丧失说与继承丧失说并没有不可逾越的理论障碍。立法例上所谓的大多国家/地区均采扶养丧失说也只是学说上的一种概括,具体到各个国家/地区,均有所不同,没有必然的参考意义。相反,在我国,继承利益历来受到重视,因而将其与扶养利益分开,同时设立扶养利益与继承利益两个赔偿项目,具有重要意义。因此在我国,兼采扶养丧失说与继承丧失说更为合适。     

Fertility and migration in the heart of the industrial revolution

Using research into the formation of industrial populations in the nineteenth century, this article examines the relationships between immigration and natality in Tilleur, an exemplary locality for studying the industrial revolution in Belgium. The main purpose is to test the general hypothesis positing a distinction between a foundation phase and a maturation phase in the process through which an industrial population is formed. The results are a contribution to the debate about the beginning of the fertility transition in industrial cities, and its relations to differential nuptiality and fertility in light of spatial origins.     

Through the meshes of patriarchy:

This article offers an analysis of women's life and status within the peasant family of the Saguenay region (Quebec) prior to the completion of the settlement process. After a brief survey of the literature in the field, a variety of sources (including several bodies of oral data) is analyzed, offering the conclusions that: (1) it is useful to carefully distinguish between the macro-social or societal level (State, Church, capital …) and the micro-social sphere of the family and the conjugal couple; (2) the societal scale was made up of unambiguously patriarchal powers, norms, and institutions, whereas at the micro-social level, the reality was much more complex and offered a great deal of diversity; (3) societal constraints heavily influenced the conjugal relationship but not in a deterministic way. The latter remained a social area where the women, somehow, remained able to maneuver, to negotiate and to assert themselves; (4) the same can be said of the thesis that male ownership and control of the means of production necessarily entailed subordination and proletarianization of the married women; and (5) it would be fruitful to explore the idea that male domination was mostly rooted and secured not in the family but in the societal arena.     

Comparing trends in infanticides in 28 countries, 1960–2009

The term ‘infanticide’ refers to the homicide of a child younger than one year old. In this article, we describe infanticide trends in 28 industrialized countries between 1960 and 2009. The analysis is based on the cause of death data from the WHO Mortality Database and national materials. The purpose is to compare those trends in all these 28 countries not to compare countries per se. Cause of death statistics are based on ICD classification. During the review period, ICD classification changed three times. In addition to describing infanticide trends, we will analyse the impact of those changes on statistical infanticide levels, to be sure that changes in trends could be seen as real, not statistical artefacts. According to our analysis, the change from ICD-7 to ICD-9 in 1968–1970 seems to have had some impact on registered infanticide mortality levels in three of the studied countries. In other countries, the changes did not have any general impact on registered infanticide levels. During the period, infanticide rates decreased in almost all European countries, and increased or were stable in most non-European industrialized countries. Even in Europe, there were significant differences in the decreasing trend between countries. We also found some structural variation behind the trend figures, which raised the question of whether the aggregated infanticide levels really describe an identical phenomenon in different countries.     

Pregnancy,Cesarean, and Pheochromocytoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

A 43‐year‐old full‐term pregnant woman (gravida 2, para 1, medical history of gestational diabetes mellitus) developed a sudden and malignant hypertension with hemoptysis, sweat, and tachycardia during a scheduled C‐section. A dead newborn was delivered and was successfully resuscitated. The mother died after resistant cardiac arrest. Autopsy and pathological analyses revealed an acute pulmonary edema and a necrotic and hemorrhagic voluminous tumor of the left adrenal gland, which was a pheochromocytoma. Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor of the adrenal glands which secretes catecholamines. In pregnant women, its symptoms can mimic gestational hypertension, preeclampsia or eclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus. The gestational diabetes mellitus was presumed to be a symptom of the pheochromocytoma, and cardiopulmonary failure the result from the necrosis of the tumor provoked by gravid uterus compression. From a medico‐legal point of view, the tumor could not have been suspected during the pregnancy.     

The Interest of Postmortem Bacteriology in Putrefied Bodies

A 27‐year‐old man was found dead in an advanced decomposition stage at home. On external examination, his body showed petechial hemorrhages of the skin. At autopsy, petechial hemorrhages of the epicardium were found, but no sign of meningitis was detected. Toxicological investigations remained negative. Bacteriological conventional analyses showed no significant result. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B was finally isolated on cerebrospinal fluid by a specific real‐time polymerase chain reaction. To our knowledge, there are no available data about the postmortem diagnosis of an infectious cause of death in a decomposed corpse. In such situations, the polymicrobial overgrowth usually hampers the interpretation of bacteriological conventional methods and questions their diagnostic value. Such molecular bacteriological approaches appear to constitute an important diagnostic tool for forensic scientists and should be widely processed in case of suspected infectious death or sudden death whatever the postmortem interval.     

关于死刑案件中刑事和解的探讨

刑事和解在司法实践中的适用虽已初步形成思路,但在具体适用范围上尤其是在死刑案件能否适用刑事和解方面仍尚无定论,以致其在司法界的大胆尝试和学界的谨慎保留中处于尴尬境地.现阶段,死刑案件适用刑事和解纵然有其合理之处,然其终究难以避免与公权力的权威、公平正义和平等观念之间的冲突.笔者认为,死刑案件中被告人与被害人之间的和解并不符合刑事和解的本义,其实为国家救济制度建立之前的一种迫不得已的救济措施.因此,刑事和解不应延伸适用到死刑等重罪案件领域,国家应尽快建立国家救济制度以代替刑事和解在死刑案件中对被害人及其亲属的救助作用.     

死刑存废、公众舆论与公众参与——以日本的裁判员制度为视点

国外的实践表明,限制、废除死刑是国家的宏观政治决策,所以公众舆论成为左右死刑决策的重要影响因素,是自然而然的事情。我国决策机构在限制、废除死刑问题上踌躇不前,主要原因也是社会公众对死刑及其适用的强烈支持。从死刑司法与公众舆论之间的互动与交替关系出发,我们应该积极利用公众舆论与死刑司法之间的相互作用机制,形成支持废除死刑的公众舆论,为今后的死刑改革奠定有利的公众舆论基础。从日本裁判员制度实施4年以来的死刑适用现状与舆论调查结果来看,通过扩大死刑司法的公众参与,让社会成员切身感受给出死刑判决所经受的压力,是改变死刑公众舆论的有效途径,完善人民陪审员制度、建立死刑信息公开制度、规范死刑案件公众参与同样是引导公众舆论的有效途径。