农村宗族研究：亟待实现范式转换——基于赣州、岳平两地农村社区发展理事会建设实践的分析

基于江西赣州和湖北岳平两地农村社区建设的经验分析,本文发现理事会在改造并利用农村宗族势力的过程中创新了基层民主实践机制,以多元民主相结合的方式,有效解决了代表性难题、决策机制难题,以及农民的参与程度问题,构建了一个治理“钉子户”的高效机制。理事会在实践中重构了农民“公”“私”认同的序列谱,具备了“国家授权的合法性与农民自发的认同感”的双重权力属性,既利用了传统的宗族资源,又避免了介入地方“公务”时的不合法困境,推进了两地以自然村为单位的社区建设。鉴于农村宗族的基础性结构已经发生了历史性巨变,本文认为当前农村宗族研究亟待实现从革命范式向改良范式的转变,逐步探索建立一种受保护的社会自治权的协商式增长机制,使农村宗族最终成为一种有益于地方社会秩序整合的建设性力量。     

论法院处理环境纠纷案件中的司法能动

司法能动是法院在案件审理中,不因循先例和遵从成文法的字面含义进行司法解释的一种司法理念以及基于此理念的行动。我国法院在发挥司法能动性,处理环境纠纷案件方面作出了大量努力,为经济社会发展提供了司法保障。但法院在发挥司法能动性处理环境纠纷案件中仍然存在较大的问题。解决这些问题,必须把握法院在环境纠纷案件处理中司法能动的向度,落实司法独立,引导法官正确行使自由裁量权,努力培养环境司法专业人才,发挥法官适用法律的能动性。     

中国式司法能动主义的实用主义分析及评价——以陕西陇县“能动主义八四司法模式”为样本

以陕西陇县"能动主义八四司法模式"为代表的中国式司法能动主义在问题意识、主体、性质以及最高法院的功能定位上都与典型的英美式司法能动主义不同,其是一系列的理念、体制、机制和司法技术裹挟下的一种法律实用主义的反映,并且面临着高昂的运作成本,也很容易流变为政治话语乃至意识形态。     

中国基层治理:体制与机制——条块关系的分析视角

本文从条块关系的视角,对基层治理机制创新的动因、条件、路径和类型等问题进行了系统的梳理.与既有研究主要从宏观角度探讨条块关系与体制适应能力不同,本文提供了一种分析基层条块关系与适应能力的微观视角.研究发现,条块体制的分割性、低效性和惰性,给基层治理机制创新提出了要求.在条块分割体制下,基层政府之所以能够更好地对接基层社...     

他信政府草根政策的成绩与问题

他信政府的草根政策既取得了明显的成就,但也出现了一些问题。本文着重分析了其中的主要四项措施实施的情况,这四项主要措施是乡村/社区基金计划、暂缓农民还债计划和“一乡一产品计划”、“30铢治百病”全面健康保健计划。     

A British Gender Gap? Gender and Political Participation

The Electoral Commission's recently published report Gender and Political Participation captures in a clear and accessible fashion the ways in which gender determines the nature of women and men's political participation in the UK. Analysing existing academic survey research it establishes that there is an overall gender gap in political activism with men more active than women. However, it also finds that there is no gender gap in voter turnout at national, regional, or local elections and that in some political activities, such as signing petitions or boycotting products, women are more likely than men to be active. The report also raises important questions about the consequences - substantive and in terms of legitimacy - of women's lower levels of participation in party politics, and suggests that political parties should ensure that greater numbers of women are elected to our political institutions.     

细事细治 ——基层网格化中的科层化精细治理与社会修复

【问题】国家治理体系的落地需要微观治理机制的完善。网格化是近些年发展出的一种重要基层治理机制。然而,谁在治理,怎样治理,治理什么?网格化治理体现了什么样的治理逻辑,又有何种后果?这些问题在文献中并没有系统答案。【方法】本文从治理主体、治理方式、治理内容三个角度,采取内容分析法,对广州市某区2013年1-3月网格化服务管理信息系统登记的2091起事件进行研究。【发现】首先,科层化精细治理:网格化服务管理通过设置网格和购买网格员服务的方式,使得国家科层制组织体系延伸到比社区还要微观的基层社会领域,直接处理日常社会中的“细事”。其次,社会修复效应:网格化服务管理是在社会的日常自我修复能力不足的情况下,国家改革基层以“官进民退”促进基层社会修复的一项制度安排。因此,抑制国家权力过度介入基层日常社会事务需要社会自身提升“日常社会修复”能力。【贡献】本文尝试立足基层治理内容探究国家治理与社会发展的逻辑,以“治理什么”视角拓展国家治理研究视域,以“社会修复”范畴丰富“社会秩序何以可能”问题的研究范式。     

司法能动主义与我国民事司法审判的规范与创新

司法能动主义传入我国后,引起我国学界特别是司法界的重视,但目前我国司法界所倡导、推崇的司法能动或能动司法与发源于美国的司法能动内涵并不相同,司法能动主义被异化。建议在原意上使用司法能动一词,遵循原意前提下的司法能动应当予以承认并肯定其创新司法的积极意义,但是不可将其泛化,就广义而言我国民事审判工作应当强调规范化。     

Ex-combatants as social activists: war,peace and ideology in Burundi

In both academic literature and policy discourse, ex-combatants are at times depicted as a threat to peace rather than agents of positive change. However, many of my ex-combatant interlocutors in Burundi were working actively on conflict resolution and peace-building projects. In addition, their experience and knowledge of combat was frequently stated as a deterrent for going back to such a situation. Though it may seem contradictory, the reasons my informants gave for having joined the war sounded remarkably similar to motivations for social activism. They usually expressed it as a desire to contribute to a better, more just, community. I argue that ideology played an important part in motivation to join armed groups during the war and carries over in participation in social activism today. These decisions need not be seen as polar opposites, but rather as similar motivations towards contributing to positive change taken in different circumstances.     

Democratic engagement in the digital age: youth,social media and participatory politics in Kenya

As the communication world becomes more complex and participatory, social networking sites (SNSs) have emerged as a platform with the potential to invigorate democracy and political engagement. However, the value of SNSs in politics remains contested among researchers. The study reported on in this article was based on a survey of 600 university students, aged between18 and 35, to examine the relationship between social media use and political engagement among the youth in Kenya. The study focused on the extent to which SNSs facilitate consumption of political information and the role of SNSs in influencing political interest, knowledge and behaviour among the youth. The study found that reliance on SNSs is positively associated with political participation; however, this influence is limited, and though useful, it does not radically transform political engagement. Therefore, the capacity of SNSs to shape opinion and influence political preferences is limited but internet based political activities like posting and distributing campaign information and consumption of political content have a bearing on political participation. The study concluded that while SNSs do not seem to have a major direct impact on political choices among users, politicians and other campaign actors cannot ignore the opportunity provided by these platforms in the voter mobilisation process.