提高军事司法能力视野中的军事司法体制改革

提高司法能力是我国司法体制改革的重要目标,因此,是否有助于提高军事司法能力为我国军事司法体制改革提供了一个崭新的视角。从提高军事司法能力的角度来看,我国的军事司法体制改革需要：调整军事司法资源配置,使军事司法资源配置最优化;提高军事司法人员的素质,建立稳定的、高度职业化的军事司法队伍;增强军事司法机构的独立性,减少军事行政机关对军事司法机关办理具体案件的干预。     

The state after modernism

In his book Democratic Governance Mark Bevir has highlighted a number of key issues facing those of us who want to understand the state and its role in governing. Not only has the role of the state changed significantly in the last 30 years but those changes need to be understood in terms of the implications for the nature of the state’s interaction with society and the ways in which the state exercises power within a democratic context. Perhaps what Bevir highlights most is how the conceptions of the state amongst elites is being challenged by changes in the form of government but more importantly by changes in the nature of knowledge and how citizens understand their relationship to the state. Whilst Mark Bevir is right to acknowledge the role and influence of ideas, he has a tendency to overemphasize their impact and as a consequence pays insufficient attention to the role that institutions and structures more generally play in mediating the way in which beliefs and ideas affect outcomes. This simplification leads to an overestimation of the degree of change that has occurred in Britain in particular and in states in general.     

民间借贷犯罪化趋势的原因探析及对策建议——以非法吸收公众存款罪为中心的考察

北京地区高发的非法吸收公众存款犯罪,在行为模式和犯罪成因上都具有独特性,使我们有必要重新审视本罪的司法认定。从认识层面看,非法吸存入罪是防范金融风险的必要措施,以放贷为目的吸存、以吸存为业、不顾风险吸存用于实业的行为均应列入非法吸收公众存款罪的打击范围。从实践层面看,打击非法吸存犯罪存在取证、定性和追赃上的难题,需要社会与司法形成合力,加强综合治理。放松对非法吸存行为的打击不仅无助于解决民间融资的困境,反而可能进一步恶化民间融资的秩序。     

行政审判中的司法建议制度运行分析——以江苏法院为视角

在行政审判中,司法建议应当严格明确以行政行为存续力为效力范围,禁止法院直接以司法建议方式对进入诉讼的行政行为进行具体指导,在处理与行政判决的关系上,应当坚持行政判决的最终既判力。未来司法建议制度必须从文书制作、反馈机制、法律责任、信息公开等方面作出规范。     

中国法院受理金融争议案件的筛选机制评析

在我国,部分金融法律争议案件因为司法政策的原因而不是基本法律的规定,没有机会进入到法院,或在进入法院的过程中被施加了某些限制。这一金融司法现象是与当下中国的金融市场和司法体制运行的某些特点紧密相关的,但这样的司法筛选机制也会给金融市场带来不可避免的消极影响。     

论我国医疗损害技术鉴定制度构建

《侵权责任法》仍未解决我国医疗鉴定体制的二元化问题。医学会医疗事故技术鉴定和法医医疗损害司法鉴定两种模式各有利弊,法医鉴定模式并不比医学会鉴定模式优越。在专业技术问题的判断上,日本、德国、荷兰、美国的医疗损害鉴定模式都采同行评价的原则。构建我国医疗损害技术鉴定制度应坚持充分利用现有鉴定资源、尽可能融合当前两种鉴定的优点、法律问题与技术问题分离的宏观理念,并坚持公开、救济、辩论、鉴定专家半职业化、鉴定方法科学和法律指导的基本原则。在制度的具体构建上,鉴定名称应选择医疗损害鉴定或医疗损害技术鉴定;新的鉴定机构应在现有医学会医疗事故技术鉴定机构的基础上组建,并要求法医专家参与,调整鉴定专家来源、专家鉴定组和鉴定专家库组成,完善鉴定程序,确定鉴定理论、鉴定方法,明确鉴定原则,扩充医疗损害技术鉴定的内容;也可以借鉴日本的鉴定模式,由医学会建立专家库,由法院启动、组织鉴定。     

Are UK undergraduate Forensic Science degrees fit for purpose?

In October 2009 Skills for Justice published the social research paper ‘Fit for purpose?: Research into the provision of Forensic Science degree programmes in UK Higher Education Institutions.’ The research engaged employers representing 95% of UK Forensic Science providers and 79% of UK universities offering Forensic Science or Crime Scene degree programmes. In addition to this, the research collected the views of 430 students studying these degrees. In 2008 there were approximately 9000 people working in the Forensic Science sector in the UK. The research found that the numbers of students studying Forensic Science or Crime Scene degrees in the UK have more than doubled since 2002–03, from 2191 in to 5664 in 2007–08. Over the same period there were twice as many females as males studying for these degrees. The research concluded that Forensic Science degree programmes offered by UK universities were of a good quality and they provided the student with a positive learning experience but the content was not relevant for Forensic Science employers. This echoed similar research by the former Government Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills on graduates from wider science, technology, engineering and mathematics degree programmes. The research also found that 75% of students studying Forensic Science or Crime Scene degrees expected to have a career in the Forensic Science sector, meaning that ensuring these courses are relevant for employers is a key challenge for universities. This paper reflects on the original research and discusses the implications in light of recent government policy.     

从律师阅卷权的保障看检察机关诉讼观念的转变

1996年刑诉法修改以后 ,围绕着如何保障律师阅卷权的问题 ,学术界展开热烈的讨论。笔者认为 ,要保障律师享有充分的阅卷权 ,就要求检察机关必须彻底转变诉讼观念 ,在新的诉讼模式中明确自身的价值与地位 ,积极向辩方开示本方所掌握的所有证据 ,在与辩方平等对抗中发现案件事实 ,实现司法公正     

民事再审之能动司法

民事诉讼法修改后最高人民法院和高级人民法院成为受理民事再审申请案件的主要管辖法院,民事申请再审作为独立诉讼程序正面临着重重困境。能动司法理念的提出,为解决民事再审工作困难指明了出路。中国语境下"能动司法"与美国"司法能动"有本质的区别,对"能动司法"的适度限制是"能动司法"意涵中的应有之义,通过能动司法制度建设,具体包括服务性、主动性、高效性的制度建设,解决民事再审审查工作中案多人少、涉诉信访压力大、各地裁定再审标准不统一等问题。     

刑事习惯法之司法适用研究

在当今刑事制定法占支配地位下,刑事习惯法始终处于一种边缘状态.但是,其在民族地区刑事法治建构中发挥着潜移默化的作用,是一种真实而有效的实然存在,尤其在解决民族地区刑事纠纷中表现得淋漓尽致.是故,首先摆出刑事习惯法司法适用之现状,指出其司法适用之依据与识别,进而将其引入司法实践,对其进行程序设计.