医疗侵权案件地方司法指导文件证据规定研究

我国部分地方法院制定了有关医疗损害赔偿纠纷案件审理的地方性司法指导文件,其中关于举证责任分配等证据内容既有成功之处,也存在一些问题。这些文件制定的成因主要是基础法律法规的变动,相关司法解释的缺位以及现实案件审理的强烈需求。这些规定也将为国家制定相关司法解释提供有益的借鉴。     

书证搜集裁判:模式比较与本土改造

引入两大法系共通的书证搜集裁判,有利于解决我国当事人提交书证能力不足的现实问题。在裁判模式上,大陆法系和美国在基本问题上达成共识,其书证搜集裁判的适用范围大致相似,并且裁判本身都在解决纠纷过程中发挥决定作用。在裁判效果上,妨碍书证搜集的一方应当在不同情况下分别于证据、事实、请求和程序层面承担不利后果。从现有制度出发,法院依申请取证制度应当引入比较法上书证类型的共识并且区分法官的裁判义务事项和自由裁量事项,同时从条件和过程两方面控制法官的裁量权,强调以裁判的形式加以保障。我国《证据规定》第75条正是书证搜集裁判的现行法基础,有必要重塑和细化其规范要件,并且建构层次清晰的裁判效果体系。     

The Classification of Inkjet Inks Using AccuTOF™ DART™ (Direct Analysis in Real Time) Mass Spectrometry—A Preliminary Study

A novel approach for the analysis of inkjet inks is being reported. A time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer, coupled with a Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART?) ion source (AccuTOF? DART?), was used to determine if inkjet inks from various manufacturers and models of printers could be reliably differentiated, characterized, and identified. A total of 217 ink standards were analyzed. As inkjet printing often involves the use of multiple colors (e.g., cyan, magenta, yellow, and black) to form an image or text, two different approaches to creating a library of standards and sampling methods were evaluated for implementation in a standard operating procedure. This research will show that a microscopic examination of the region of interest is requisite to identify what colors were utilized during the printing process, prior to comparing with known standards. Finally, blind testing was administered with 10 unknown samples to assess the validity and accuracy of the methodology.     

Preparation of Disappearing Inks and Studying the Fading Time on Different Paper Surfaces

Abstract: Disappearing inks have been used in different fields, but it may be abused in forgery and counterfeiting. This research was conducted on the preparation of disappearing inks using different concentrations of thymolphthalein, phenolphthalein, and their mixture. The prepared inks were applied to different types of handwriting papers. It was found that the handwriting stability increased by increasing thymolphthalein, phenolphthalein, or alkali concentration, but in the case of using 4 mL of 1 normal (N) NaOH, the handwriting stability of phenolphthalein and its mixture inks decreased. Deciphering of the faded handwriting was evaluated by different methods; using optical deciphering, the faded handwriting did not respond to the different light sources. All the faded handwriting was visible when treated with alkaline solution. There was no change in the faded handwriting when heated to 100°C; phenolphthalein and mixture inks containing 0.5 mL of 1 N NaOH became red when only Azhar and Xerox papers were heated to 150°C.     

The prosecutor's interview with suspects in South Korea

South Korean criminal trials heavily depend on the investigation dossier written by prosecutor. The judges do no more than confirm evidence in the prosecutor's interview documents. This leads to a conviction rate exceeding 99 per cent, which is one of the highest in the world. The study aims to explore the reliability of such prosecutorial interview documents and the problems caused by criminal trials depending on them. This is based on a semi-structured interview of 20 legal professionals. Prosecutors' written interview records cannot help to regulate the risk of abuse as they provide the court with quite limited and skewed information. The criminal justice system should amend the evidentiary impact of the prosecutorial interview records. Instead, it should establish a number of appropriate safeguards to protect suspects against false confessions.     

Presidential debates as focal points for campaign arguments

Abstract

This critical analysis of the 1988 Bush‐Dukakis presidential campaign is based on the premise that political debates can provide a framework for examining the arguments and issues within a political campaign that help shape potential voters’ perceptions about each candidate's character and fitness for office. The arguments presented within the debates are examined to determine the dominant themes each candidate developed as a way of describing himself and his opponent. Analysis of news reports of subsequent campaign speeches and polling information suggests which themes were accepted by the majority of voters.     

论毛泽东建设新中国的愿景与中国梦

新中国的建设起步维艰,毛泽东满怀大志,致力于将新中国带进世界先进行列,以三年准备十年建设、15年向社会主义过渡、20年完成中国的工业化、50年建成伟大的社会主义国家等部署,表达了他的愿景。毛泽东有个百年中国梦,他提出的＂四个现代化＂目标,体现了实现赶超世界先进国家的理想,设想用一百年的时间将经济文化落后的中国建设成为工业、农业、科学文化、国防现代化的社会主义强国。毛泽东的百年中国梦给现代中国留下了宝贵的历史遗产,对实现中华民族伟大复兴和社会主义现代化的中国梦具有丰富的现实启示。     

论人类命运共同体的人权观

人权发展的基本规律表现为人权主体由个人到集体，再到人类整体；人权内容由单一到多元，再到全面系统；人权保障由唯我的国家视野到容他的国际视野，再到整体的全球视野，最终都指向人类命运共同体人权观。当今世界人权事业面临中心与边缘的文明对立、发展与人权的因果倒置、援助手段偏离人权目的等困境。人类命运共同体人权观在主体上由个人、国家、人类命运共同体三个层次逐步推进，在内容上以生存权和发展权为首要人权，系发展中国家的人权观，具有为世界提供中国方案的意义。     

论打击制贩假证犯罪破案战役中存在的问题——以S省为研究范围

目前打击制贩假证犯罪破案战役的运用还不尽理想，存在种种问题：将开展打击制贩假证犯罪破案战役等同于“严打”，重打轻防；对破案战役功能寄予不合理的期待；刑侦主力军作用未得到发挥，合成战效能没有充分发挥出来；打击制贩假证犯罪破案战役的决策没有遵循科学化原则。     

Building an Asia-Pacifi c Security Architecture: Objectives, Conditions and Visions

It is pointed out by the Chinese leadership that, despite numerous frameworks for Asia-Pacifi c economic cooperation, a regional security architecture that suits the regional realities and meets the needs of various countries should and must be constructed. China should grasp the current strategic opportunities, assume the role of concept-generator and agenda maker, and duly advocate the creation of an Asia-Pacifi c regional security architecture. This paper lists six objectives in building a regional security architecture, compares the positions and proposals of various countries on regional security affairs and analyzes the three salient security issues—North Korea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea. Given the attitudes of the United States, Russia, Japan, South Korea, Australia and the ASEAN, it is impossible for any one of these entities to take the initiative in building a comprehensive architecture; nor is it advisable for China to do so under these circumstances. What China needs to do at this moment is to defi ne its strategic goals and clarify its strategic thinking.