论区域城镇体系发展中的城市政府作用

在经济全球化的形势下,区域的经济竞争与合作日益加强,城市治理模式也随之发生变化。为了适应我国区域经济重组和城镇体系发展的新趋势,城市治理模式应向多元政府与其他组织构成的管治联盟转变,形成新的公共治理模式。城市政府的主要作用体现在战略规划与协调、制定市场规制与监督、城市理财与经营以及合理提供城市服务等方面。     

贯彻习近平法治思想建设高质量的制度体系

习近平法治思想对新发展阶段全面依法治国作了重大部署,强调提高国家制度竞争力,以"中国之制"支撑"中国之治"。高质量制度体系是坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度的重要举措;是遵循制度建设规律、持续保持制度显著优势的必然要求;是满足人民新时代需求、全面实现国家治理现代化的可靠路径;是凝聚改革发展共识、稳步推进现代化强国建设进程的坚强保障。应当准确界定高质量制度体系的内涵、确定其实质与形式评价标准,并在中国特色制度逻辑框架内,提出建设高质量制度体系的具体构想:坚持党的集中统一领导与尊重人民群众的首创精神的统一;坚持问题导向、目标导向和结果导向的统一;尊重制度建设的规律性与民主性的统一;坚持类型化与协调性的辩证统一;坚持制度的评估机制与自我调节机制的统一;坚持制度的稳定性与创新性的统一。     

Parallel Systems and Human Resource Management in India's Public Health Services: A View from the Front Lines

There is building evidence in India that the delivery of health services suffers both from an actual shortfall in trained health professionals and from unsatisfactory results of existing service providers working in the public and private sectors. This study focuses on the public sector and examines de facto institutional and governance arrangements that may give rise to well‐documented provider behaviors such as absenteeism that can adversely affect service delivery processes and outcomes. We analyze four human resource management (HRM) subsystems: postings, transfers, promotions and disciplinary practices from the perspective of front‐line workers—physicians working in rural healthcare facilities operated by two state governments. We sampled physicians in one “post‐reform” state that has instituted HRM reforms and one “pre‐reform” state that has not. The findings are based on both quantitative and qualitative measurements. The results show that formal rules are undermined by a parallel modus operandi in which desirable posts are often determined by political connections and side payments. The evidence suggests an institutional environment in which formal rules of accountability are trumped by a parallel set of accountabilities. These systems appear so entrenched that reforms have borne no significant effect. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Citizen Participation in City Governance: Experiences From Vietnam

The radical political and economic reforms sweeping through former socialist countries during the last several decades have facilitated economic growth and urbanization. During this period of market reform and urbanization, citizen participation is greatly needed yet easily lost to other priorities. We employ stakeholder theory to examine whether citizen participation differs between large and small cities and between the poor and non‐poor people in Vietnam. Using data from a sample of citizens in five centrally managed cities, we found that citizens in large cities and citizens that belong to “unofficially poor” groups participate less. For policy makers, this implies that citizen participation should be of central importance in the management of current cities' expansions. In addition, the categorization of “poor households” needs to be closely monitored to minimize the risk of de facto poor households being excluded from the group. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Is governance democratic?

This paper argues that governance can engender undemocratic inequality, exclusion and populism. It does so by analysing the concept of governance, and unearthing three theoretical justifications for it: one libertarian, one radical and one republican. These justifications are in turn refuted by showing how they respectively undermine a process-view of democracy, neglect structural avenues for accountability and encourage elites to wield power.     

国家建设与国家治理

中共十八届三中全会和四中全会所推出的“国家治理现代化”和“依法治国”概念,集中体现了新一届中央领导层治国理念的核心思想,也预示了未来中国政府改革的方向。从“国家建设”和“国家治理”的角度予以解读,并从国家运行“动力系统”和“制动系统”平衡、国家“上层制度”和“基础制度”构建、国家治理“传统方式”向“现代方式”转变的角度,说明国家治理改革的目标和任务,认为把“国家治理现代化”和“依法治国”作为施政理念,表明了执政当局对现代政治文明核心价值的认可,表达了执政党把中国送入法治轨道的意愿和决心。     

以行政契约作为跨域治理之法制基础--以台北和基隆垃圾处理合作案为例

在地狭人稠的台湾,有关大众运输、环境保护、水资源、河川管理等跨域治理的议题,正显现其重要性与急迫性。整合跨域治理与行政法的理论,以“北基垃圾处理合作案”为例,分析行政契约作为跨域合作的基础,分析其所涉及的相关法制问题,例如契约之合致、订约过程（成立要件）、契约应有之内容、契约之进展（如情势变更、政策变迁等）、履约责任、强制执行、救济方法等,希望能建构行政契约在跨域治理的应用模式,以为未来各级政府间在跨域事务中的合作提供法制经验。     

县域政府治理绩效的实证研究：公众满意度的视角--基于佛山市 A 区的治理实践

以佛山市 A 区为个案,对如何测量中国县（区）层级的政府治理绩效进行实证探索。在借鉴世界治理指标（WGI)的基础上,构建了一个本土化的地方政府治理绩效指标体系,对 A 区政府的治理绩效水平进行量化评估,并且通过构建一个多元回归模型深入挖掘影响其总体治理水平的相关因素。结果表明：公众对于 A 区政府的总体治理水平处于“一般”到“比较满意”之间;在六个维度的治理绩效中,公众满意度最低的是“腐败控制”和“法治”,最高的是“政府稳定和暴力避免”和“政府有效性”;除了“管制质量”和“政府稳定与暴力避免”之外,其他四个维度的治理绩效对 A 区政府的总体治理水平都具有显著影响,其中,“政府有效性”对总体治理水平的影响最大。     

国家治理现代化视阈下的法律、道德与组织规范关系

国家治理现代化须以系统完备、科学规范、运行有效的规范体系为基础。而法律、道德和"组织规范"共同构成现代社会的规范体系。因而,高度重视"组织规范"并正确处理好它与法律道德的关系,就显得十分重要。"组织规范"具有民间性、自主和自治性,有权制定并实施"组织规范",约束组织本身及其成员的相关行为。这些"组织规范"上承法律下接道德,但又不是照抄照搬,而是依"法无禁止即可为"原则独立存在。在中国继续深化改革和努力实现国家治理现代化的背景下,有必要重新认识三大基础规范的关系,从而有效发挥"组织规范"的作用,构建良好社会秩序。